Atkinson J, Anker S, Bobier W, Braddick O, Durden K, Nardini M, Watson P
Visual Development Unit, London and Cambridge, Department of Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Nov;41(12):3726-31.
The development of emmetropic refraction is known to be under visual control. Does partial spectacle correction of infants' refractive errors, which has been shown to have beneficial effects in reducing strabismus and amblyopia, impede emmetropization? The purpose of the present study was to perform the first longitudinal controlled trial to investigate this question in human subjects.
Children identified as having significant hyperopia in a population screening program at age 8 to 9 months were assigned to treated (partial spectacle correction) or untreated groups. A control group of infants with no significant refractive errors at screening was also recruited. Measurements of retinoscopic refraction under cycloplegia were taken at 4- to 6-month intervals up to the age of 36 months, and changes in refraction of 148 subjects were analyzed longitudinally.
Refractive error decreased toward low hyperopic values between 9 and 36 months in both hyperopic groups. By 36 months, this reduction of hyperopia showed no overall difference between children who were treated with partial spectacle correction and those who were not. Despite the improvement, both hyperopic groups' mean refractive error at 36 months remained higher than that of the control group. When infants in all three groups were considered together, the rate of reduction of refractive error was, on average, a linear function of the initial level of hyperopia.
The benefits of spectacle correction for infants with hyperopia can be achieved without impairing the normal developmental regulation of refraction.
已知正视化屈光的发展受视觉控制。已证明对婴儿屈光不正进行部分眼镜矫正对减少斜视和弱视有有益效果，那么这种矫正会阻碍正视化进程吗？本研究的目的是进行第一项纵向对照试验，以在人类受试者中研究这个问题。
在8至9个月大的人群筛查项目中被确定为有显著远视的儿童被分为治疗组（部分眼镜矫正）或未治疗组。还招募了在筛查时无显著屈光不正的婴儿作为对照组。在36个月龄之前，每隔4至6个月进行一次睫状肌麻痹下的视网膜检影验光测量，并对148名受试者的屈光变化进行纵向分析。
在两个远视组中，9至36个月期间屈光不正均朝着低度远视值降低。到36个月时，部分眼镜矫正治疗的儿童与未治疗的儿童相比，远视的这种降低没有总体差异。尽管有所改善，但两个远视组在36个月时的平均屈光不正仍高于对照组。当将所有三组婴儿一起考虑时，屈光不正降低的速率平均而言是初始远视水平的线性函数。
对远视婴儿进行眼镜矫正的益处可以在不损害屈光正常发育调节的情况下实现。
