Ma J, Betts N M
Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
J Nutr. 2000 Nov;130(11):2838-43. doi: 10.1093/jn/130.11.2838.
Zinc and copper are two trace minerals essential for important biochemical functions and necessary for maintaining health throughout life. Several national food surveys revealed marginally to moderately low contents of both nutrients in the typical American diet. Using data from the respondents >/= 60 y old in the 1994-96 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), we examined average dietary intakes of zinc, copper and relevant dietary factors; primary dietary contributors of zinc and copper; and Zn:Cu ratios of the primary dietary contributors. Data were analyzed with the use of a chi(2) test, Student's t test and multivariate analysis of covariance with Bonferroni correction. The daily zinc intake was 12 +/- 6.4 mg for men and 8.0 +/- 4.0 mg for women (P < 0.05); the daily copper intake was 1.3 +/- 0.7 mg for men and 1.0 +/- 0.5 mg for women (P < 0.05). Foods such as beef, ground beef, legumes, poultry, ready-to-eat and hot cereals, and pork constituted the major sources of zinc. Copper consumption was contributed mainly by legumes, potato and potato products, nuts and seeds, and beef. The less-than-recommended intakes of zinc and copper by the elderly were likely associated with age, low income and less education. The intakes of zinc and copper could be improved by more frequent consumption of food sources rich in these minerals. An inherent limitation of this study was the use of the 24-h dietary recall method, which may underestimate usual dietary intakes. Nonetheless, this study affirms the need for assessment of zinc and copper nutriture in the elderly.
锌和铜是两种必需的微量矿物质，对重要的生化功能至关重要，是维持一生健康所必需的。几项全国性食物调查显示，典型的美国饮食中这两种营养素的含量略低至中等偏低。利用1994 - 1996年个人食物摄入量持续调查（CSFII）中60岁及以上受访者的数据，我们研究了锌、铜的平均膳食摄入量及相关饮食因素；锌和铜的主要膳食来源；以及主要膳食来源的锌铜比。数据采用卡方检验、学生t检验和经Bonferroni校正的多变量协方差分析进行分析。男性每日锌摄入量为12±6.4毫克，女性为8.0±4.0毫克（P<0.05）；男性每日铜摄入量为1.3±0.7毫克，女性为1.0±0.5毫克（P<0.05）。牛肉、碎牛肉、豆类、家禽、即食和热谷物以及猪肉等食物构成了锌的主要来源。铜的摄入主要来自豆类、土豆及土豆制品、坚果和种子以及牛肉。老年人锌和铜摄入量低于推荐水平可能与年龄、低收入和受教育程度较低有关。通过更频繁地食用富含这些矿物质的食物来源，可以改善锌和铜的摄入量。本研究的一个固有局限性是使用了24小时膳食回忆法，这可能会低估通常的膳食摄入量。尽管如此，本研究肯定了评估老年人锌和铜营养状况的必要性。
