Hafström M, Kjellmer I
University of Göteborg, Department of Paediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, SU/Ostra, SE-416 85, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Early Hum Dev. 2000 Nov;60(1):13-24. doi: 10.1016/s0378-3782(00)00091-8.
In the infant, sucking behaviour is one of the first coordinated muscular activities. It is under the control of the brainstem. In utero sucking is observed from 13 weeks' gestation. The healthy full-term newborn infant has a very stable rhythm of alternating bursts of sucking with pauses in between. The non-nutritive sucking (NNS) patterns of 58 low-risk prematurely born infants (gestational ages between 26 and 35 weeks) were studied using a specially designed computer-based method that analyses and quantifies NNS. A total of 183 observations were analysed. The typical NNS pattern with bursts of sucking activity separated by quiescent periods was recorded in all infants studied and was already present before 30 weeks of gestation. A gradual change over time of their NNS was seen. With increased maturation the sucking activity, sucking frequency, amplitude and burst duration all increased, while the variability of the sucking frequency and the duration of the intervals between bursts declined. Post-menstrual age (PMA) was the dominant predictor of this result but gender, state of activity and weight also influenced it to some extent. Girls had more sucking activity and a higher sucking frequency than boys. State of activity affected the stability of the rhythm. The weight of the infant influenced both sucking activity and duration of separate bursts.
在婴儿中，吸吮行为是最早出现的协调肌肉活动之一。它受脑干控制。在子宫内，从妊娠13周起就可观察到吸吮行为。健康的足月儿有非常稳定的吸吮交替发作节奏，其间有停顿。使用一种专门设计的基于计算机的方法对58名低风险早产儿（胎龄在26至35周之间）的非营养性吸吮（NNS）模式进行了研究，该方法可分析和量化NNS。总共分析了183次观察结果。在所有研究的婴儿中都记录到了典型的NNS模式，即吸吮活动发作之间有静止期，且在妊娠30周前就已出现。观察到他们的NNS随时间逐渐变化。随着成熟度增加，吸吮活动、吸吮频率、幅度和发作持续时间均增加，而吸吮频率的变异性和发作之间间隔的持续时间下降。月经后年龄（PMA）是这一结果的主要预测因素，但性别、活动状态和体重也在一定程度上对其产生影响。女孩比男孩有更多的吸吮活动和更高的吸吮频率。活动状态影响节奏的稳定性。婴儿的体重影响吸吮活动和单次发作的持续时间。
