Coolidge F L, Thede L L, Young S E
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs 80933-7150, USA.
Dev Neuropsychol. 2000;17(3):273-87. doi: 10.1207/S15326942DN1703_1.
The heritability and comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and executive function (EF) deficits were examined in 224 child twins (140 monozygotic and 84 dizygotic). The Coolidge Personality and Neuropsychological Inventory for Children (Coolidge, 1998), a standardized, 200-item, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) aligned, parent-as-respondent inventory, assessed psychopathology. Structural equation model fitting revealed that the individual scale heritabilities were substantial: .82 for ADHD, .74 for CD, .61 for ODD, and .77 for EF deficits. The results of the multivariate twin analyses suggest that ADHD shares most of its genetic liability with CD, ODD, and EF deficits. Thus, the findings argue for a common biological risk underlying these commonly comorbid externalizing behavior problems and cognitive deficits. The residual genetic variance provides preliminary support for additional genetic influences underlying CD, ODD, and EF that are independent of ADHD.
在224对儿童双胞胎（140对同卵双胞胎和84对异卵双胞胎）中，研究了注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与品行障碍（CD）、对立违抗障碍（ODD）以及执行功能（EF）缺陷之间的遗传度和共病情况。使用《柯立芝儿童人格与神经心理量表》（柯立芝，1998年），这是一份标准化的、包含200个条目的、与《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》（第4版；美国精神病学协会，1994年）一致的、由父母作为应答者的量表，来评估精神病理学。结构方程模型拟合显示，各个量表的遗传度都很高：ADHD为0.82，CD为0.74，ODD为0.61，EF缺陷为0.77。多变量双胞胎分析结果表明，ADHD与CD、ODD和EF缺陷共享大部分遗传易感性。因此，这些发现支持了这些常见共病的外化行为问题和认知缺陷背后存在共同的生物学风险这一观点。残余遗传方差为CD、ODD和EF中独立于ADHD的其他遗传影响提供了初步支持。
