Simulating the response of metal contaminated lakes to reductions in atmospheric loading using a modified QWASI model.

The changes in metal concentration following significant reductions in atmospheric metal loading of two nickel and copper contaminated lakes in Coniston Valley of the Sudbury Basin of Ontario, Canada were simulated by using steady-state and dynamic versions of a modified Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interaction (QWASI) Model. Metal partitioning and precipitation processes were quantified with the aid of US EPA's MINTEQA2 Model. The dynamic model successfully described the recovery of the two lakes and identified key input, loss and partitioning processes. A useful modelling strategy is to develop one or more steady-state models that give an approximate representation of conditions at defined times, then extend this to a dynamic version which can take into account the differing rates of response of components of the system. This modelling strategy can be used for designing and assessing remediation programs for metal contaminated lakes and watersheds.