Godec C, Cass A S, Ayala G F
Urology. 1975 Dec;6(6):663-6. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(75)90791-8.
Spastic or hyperreflex bladder dysfunction can cause frequency, urgency, and incontinence. Detrusor activity was inhibited by FES (functional electrical stimulation) applied to the anal sphincter causing decreased bladder spasticity and increased bladder capacity. FES is indicated for incontinence not only because of weakness of the pelvic floor but also because of hyperreflex bladder.
痉挛性或反射亢进性膀胱功能障碍可导致尿频、尿急和尿失禁。通过对肛门括约肌施加功能性电刺激（FES）来抑制逼尿肌活动，从而减轻膀胱痉挛并增加膀胱容量。FES不仅适用于因盆底肌无力导致的尿失禁，也适用于反射亢进性膀胱导致的尿失禁。
