Frendo J L, Vidaud M, Guibourdenche J, Luton D, Muller F, Bellet D, Giovagrandi Y, Tarrade A, Porquet D, Blot P, Evain-Brion D
INSERM, U-427, UPRES-A 8067, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Rene Descartes, Paris, France.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Oct;85(10):3700-7. doi: 10.1210/jcem.85.10.6915.
The syncytiotrophoblast (ST) is one of the major components of the human placenta, as it is involved in feto-maternal exchanges and the secretion of pregnancy-specific hormones. The aim of this study was to elucidate the formation and function of the ST in trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome). We first used the in vitro model of cytotrophoblast differentiation into ST. Cytotrophoblasts were isolated from 15 trisomy 21-affected placentas (12-35 weeks gestation) and 10 gestational age-matched control placentas. In vitro cytotrophoblasts isolated from normal placenta fused to form the ST. This was associated with an increase in transcript levels and in the secretion of hCG, human placental lactogen, placental GH, and leptin. In trisomy 21-affected placentas, we observed a defect (or a delay) in ST formation and a dramatic decrease in the synthesis and secretion of these hormones compared to those in cultured cells isolated from control age-matched placentas. These results were confirmed by a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in gene expression in total homogenates of trisomy 21-affected placentas compared to controls. These results will be of help in understanding the maternal hormonal markers of fetal trisomy 21 and the consequences of placental defects for fetal development.
合体滋养层细胞（ST）是人类胎盘的主要组成部分之一，因为它参与母胎物质交换以及妊娠特异性激素的分泌。本研究的目的是阐明21三体综合征（唐氏综合征）中合体滋养层细胞的形成及功能。我们首先使用了细胞滋养层细胞分化为合体滋养层细胞的体外模型。从15例21三体综合征受累胎盘（妊娠12 - 35周）和10例孕周匹配的对照胎盘中分离出细胞滋养层细胞。从正常胎盘分离出的体外细胞滋养层细胞融合形成合体滋养层细胞。这与hCG、人胎盘催乳素、胎盘生长激素和瘦素的转录水平及分泌增加有关。在21三体综合征受累胎盘中，我们观察到合体滋养层细胞形成存在缺陷（或延迟），与从孕周匹配的对照胎盘分离出的培养细胞相比，这些激素的合成和分泌显著减少。与对照组相比，21三体综合征受累胎盘总匀浆中的基因表达显著降低（P < 0.001），证实了这些结果。这些结果将有助于理解胎儿21三体综合征的母体激素标志物以及胎盘缺陷对胎儿发育的影响。
