Ferreira A M, Clemente V, Gozal D, Gomes A, Pissarra C, César H, Coelho I, Silva C F, Azevedo M H
Sleep Disorders Clinic, University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Pediatrics. 2000 Nov;106(5):E64. doi: 10.1542/peds.106.5.e64.
To determine the prevalence of snoring and its potential associations with sleep problems, such as daytime symptoms, medical conditions, school performance, and behavioral disturbances in Portuguese children attending primary school.
A previously validated questionnaire was sent to the parents of 1381 children attending primary schools in a parish of Coimbra, Portugal. To assess behavioral disturbances, the Portuguese version of Rutter's Children's Behavior Questionnaire for completion by teachers was used.
Of the 988 questionnaires returned (71.5%), complete information concerning snoring was obtained for 976 children (496 girls and 480 boys; mean age: 8.1 +/- 1.5 years). Loud snoring during sleep was reported as frequent or constantly present (LSn) in 84 children (8.6%), as occasionally present in 299 children (30.6%), and as never present (NSn) by 593 children (60.8%). The LSn and NSn groups did not differ with respect to age, gender, sleep duration, time to fall asleep, frequency of night wakings, bedwetting, daytime tiredness, and school achievement. However, LSn was significantly associated with increased bedtime problems (fears and struggles), increased need for comforting activities to fall asleep, behaviors suggestive of parasomnias (sleep talking, teeth grinding, and night terrors), increased daytime sleepiness and irritability, and behavioral disturbances. Children in the LSn group were also more likely to report recurrent medical problems particularly those involving infections of the respiratory tract.
Snoring is a common symptom in Portuguese children that is associated with behavioral daytime and sleep time disturbances. Children with loud snoring may benefit from early evaluation and intervention.
确定葡萄牙小学生打鼾的患病率及其与睡眠问题的潜在关联，如日间症状、健康状况、学业表现和行为障碍。
向葡萄牙科英布拉一个教区的1381名小学生的家长发放一份先前经过验证的问卷。为评估行为障碍，使用了葡萄牙语版的教师用鲁特儿童行为问卷。
在回收的988份问卷（71.5%）中，获得了976名儿童（496名女孩和480名男孩；平均年龄：8.1±1.5岁）关于打鼾的完整信息。据报告，84名儿童（8.6%）睡眠时经常或持续大声打鼾（LSn），299名儿童（30.6%）偶尔打鼾，593名儿童（60.8%）从不打鼾（NSn）。LSn组和NSn组在年龄、性别、睡眠时间、入睡时间、夜间醒来频率、尿床、日间疲劳和学业成绩方面没有差异。然而，LSn与就寝问题增加（恐惧和挣扎）、入睡时对安抚活动的需求增加、异常睡眠行为（说梦话、磨牙和夜惊）、日间嗜睡和易怒以及行为障碍显著相关。LSn组的儿童也更有可能报告反复出现的健康问题，尤其是那些涉及呼吸道感染的问题。
打鼾是葡萄牙儿童的常见症状，与日间行为和睡眠时间障碍有关。大声打鼾的儿童可能会从早期评估和干预中受益。
