Koletzko B, Dokoupil K, Reitmayr S, Weimert-Harendza B, Keller E
Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Nov;72(5 Suppl):1392S-1398S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1392s.
We report dietary fat intake data in groups of infants and children in Germany. A group of 148 healthy infants was followed prospectively from birth through the first year of life. After birth, 78.9% of infants were breast-fed; 50% were breast-fed at 3 mo and 9. 8% were breast-fed at 12 mo. Infant formula was given to 22% of infants after birth, 53% at 3 mo, and 58% at 12 mo. Complementary foods were consumed by 16% of infants at 3 mo, 97% at 6 mo, and 98-100% at 7-12 mo. In non-breast-fed infants, mean dietary fat intakes were 44.8%, 42.9%, 37.4%, and 35.7% of energy intake at the ages of 1, 4, 6, and 12 mo, respectively. Calculated energy and nutrient intakes were within recommended ranges and weight gain was normal. Therefore, we see no compelling reason to actively modify total fat intakes at this age. In 158 primary school children aged 6-11 y, 7-d checklist protocols showed 41% of energy intake as fat with approximately 50% as saturated fat. Because German children of this age are experiencing increasing rates of obesity and high serum cholesterol concentrations, a stepwise reduction of total fat and saturated fat intakes in primary school children appears desirable to improve long-term health.
我们报告了德国婴幼儿群体的膳食脂肪摄入量数据。一组148名健康婴儿从出生到一岁接受了前瞻性跟踪。出生后，78.9%的婴儿进行母乳喂养；3个月时50%的婴儿进行母乳喂养，12个月时9.8%的婴儿进行母乳喂养。出生后22%的婴儿食用婴儿配方奶粉，3个月时为53%，12个月时为58%。3个月时16%的婴儿食用辅食，6个月时为97%，7至12个月时为98 - 100%。在非母乳喂养的婴儿中，1个月、4个月、6个月和12个月时膳食脂肪平均摄入量分别占能量摄入的44.8%、42.9%、37.4%和35.7%。计算得出的能量和营养素摄入量在推荐范围内，体重增加正常。因此，我们认为在这个年龄段没有令人信服的理由积极改变总脂肪摄入量。在158名6至11岁的小学生中，7天清单记录显示脂肪摄入量占能量摄入的41%，其中约50%为饱和脂肪。由于这个年龄段的德国儿童肥胖率和血清胆固醇浓度不断上升，逐步降低小学生的总脂肪和饱和脂肪摄入量似乎有利于改善长期健康。
