Mismatched appositions of presynaptic and postsynaptic components in isolated hippocampal neurons.

To determine whether presynaptic input is necessary for postsynaptic differentiation, we isolated hippocampal neurons in microisland culture and thus deprived pyramidal cells of GABA input and GABAergic neurons of glutamate input. We find that glutamate input is necessary for clustering the AMPA-type glutamate receptor but not for clustering the NMDA receptor or the associated PSD-95 family scaffold in GABAergic cells; GABA input is not necessary for clustering the GABA(A) receptor or gephyrin in pyramidal cells. Isolated neurons showed a surprising mismatch of presynaptic and postsynaptic components. For example, in isolated pyramidal neurons, although GABA(A) receptor clusters covered <4% of the dendritic surface and presynaptic boutons covered <12%, a full two-thirds of the GABA(A) receptor clusters were localized inappropriately opposite the non-GABAergic, presumed glutamatergic, terminals. Furthermore, inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic components were segregated into separate clusters in isolated cells and apposed to separate boutons of a single axon. Thus, GABA(A) receptors were clustered opposite some terminals, whereas NMDA receptors were clustered opposite other terminals of a single axon. These results suggest the involvement of a synaptogenic signal common to glutamate and GABA synapses that permits experimentally induced mismatching of presynaptic and postsynaptic components in isolated neurons, as well as a second specificity-conferring signal that mediates appropriate matching in mixed cultures.