Serrão J E
Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
Micron. 2001 Jun;32(4):379-85. doi: 10.1016/s0968-4328(00)00014-7.
The present study compares the proventricular structure, analyzed under scanning electronic microscope (SEM), among tribes of corbiculate Apinae. Fifty-one species of stingless bees (Meliponini), one species of honeybee (Apini), three species of bumblebees (Bombini) and seven species of orchid bees (Euglossini), were analyzed as in-group, and one species of sphecid wasp (Sphecidae) and two species of Halictidae bees, as out-groups. The proventricular bulb presents a basic morphology pattern similar to that of other Hymenoptera such as ants and wasps, being a symplesiomorphy for bees. The shape of proventricular folds constitutes a synapomorphy for Meliponini and an autapomorphy for Apini. The shape of hair-like projections of the cuticle that lines the proventriculus is a synapomorphy for Meliponini and Apini. These proventricular data corroborate the monophyly of the tribe Meliponini and the hypothesis that recognizes only one tribe for stingless bees. In addition, Meliponini+Apini constitutes a monophyletic group and Bombini+Euglossini another monophyletic group. The results confirm that internal morphology is a character that can be used in studies of the phylogeny in insects and the use of SEM as a powerful tool in these analyses.
本研究比较了在扫描电子显微镜（SEM）下分析的群居蜜蜂亚科各部落前胃的结构。分析了51种无刺蜂（无刺蜂族）、1种蜜蜂（蜜蜂族）、3种熊蜂（熊蜂族）和7种兰花蜂（兰花蜂族）作为内类群，以及1种胡蜂科黄蜂和2种隧蜂科蜜蜂作为外类群。前胃球呈现出与其他膜翅目昆虫（如蚂蚁和黄蜂）相似的基本形态模式，这是蜜蜂的一种共祖特征。前胃褶皱的形状构成了无刺蜂族的共衍征和蜜蜂族的自衍征。衬在前胃内表面的角质层毛发状突起的形状是无刺蜂族和蜜蜂族的共衍征。这些前胃数据证实了无刺蜂族的单系性以及仅将无刺蜂视为一个部落的假说。此外，无刺蜂族+蜜蜂族构成一个单系群，熊蜂族+兰花蜂族构成另一个单系群。结果证实，内部形态是可用于昆虫系统发育研究的一个特征，并且扫描电子显微镜是这些分析中的一种强大工具。
