Simons-Morton D G, Hogan P, Dunn A L, Pruitt L, King A C, Levine B D, Miller S T
Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Prev Med. 2000 Nov;31(5):513-21. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2000.0733.
Although many primary care patients are inactive, being able to classify even small amounts and intensities of activity and factors associated with these activity levels could be helpful for physicians who are trying to motivate their patients to become more physically active.
Sociodemographics, physical activity, fitness, other cardiovascular risk factors, and psychosocial measures were measured at baseline in the 874 patients in the Activity Counseling Trial. Patients were categorized into three groups: (1) no moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), (2) some moderate but no vigorous activity, and (3) some vigorous activity. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine factors cross-sectionally associated with activity intensity.
One or more cardiovascular risk factors in addition to physical inactivity were present in 84% of participants. Maximal oxygen uptake averaged 25.2 ml/kg/min; 85% had poor to fair aerobic fitness. Physical activity averaged 32.7 kcal/kg/day, with 13.5 min of MVPA/day; 26% engaged in some vigorous activity, 11% engaged in no MVPA. In unadjusted analyses, gender, age, race, education, income, employment, smoking, alcohol use, and exercise self-efficacy were associated with activity intensity (P = 0.05-0.001). A greater percentage engaged in moderate than in vigorous activity in all subgroups. In multiple logistic regression analyses, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for engaging in vigorous activity were 0. 39 (0.28, 0.56) for women, 0.38 (0.19, 0.75) for 65+ compared with 35- to 44-year-olds, and 1.14 (1.06, 1.22) for 10-unit increases in performance self-efficacy score.
Most primary care patients who are physically inactive have additional cardiovascular risk factors, particularly overweight and obesity. All subgroups pursue moderate-intensity activity more often than vigorous activity. Women, older persons, and those with lower exercise self-efficacy are less likely to engage in vigorous activity.
尽管许多初级保健患者缺乏运动，但对于试图激励患者增加身体活动的医生而言，能够对哪怕少量和低强度的活动以及与这些活动水平相关的因素进行分类可能会有所帮助。
在“活动咨询试验”的874名患者中，于基线时测量了社会人口统计学、身体活动、体能、其他心血管危险因素以及心理社会指标。患者被分为三组：（1）无中度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA），（2）有一些中度但无剧烈活动，（3）有一些剧烈活动。采用多元逻辑回归来确定与活动强度横断面相关的因素。
84%的参与者除了缺乏身体活动外还存在一种或多种心血管危险因素。最大摄氧量平均为25.2毫升/千克/分钟；85%的人有氧适能较差至一般。身体活动平均为32.7千卡/千克/天，每天有13.5分钟的MVPA；26%的人进行一些剧烈活动，11%的人没有MVPA。在未调整的分析中，性别、年龄、种族、教育程度、收入、就业情况、吸烟、饮酒以及运动自我效能与活动强度相关（P = 0.05 - 0.001）。在所有亚组中，进行中度活动的比例高于剧烈活动。在多元逻辑回归分析中，参与剧烈活动的比值比（95%置信区间），女性为0.39（0.28，0.56），65岁及以上人群与35至44岁人群相比为0.38（0.19，0.75），而表现自我效能得分每增加10分则为1.14（1.06，1.22）。
大多数缺乏身体活动的初级保健患者还存在其他心血管危险因素，尤其是超重和肥胖。所有亚组进行中等强度活动的频率高于剧烈活动。女性、老年人以及运动自我效能较低的人进行剧烈活动的可能性较小。
