Dietrich A J, Olson A L, Sox C H, Tosteson T D, Grant-Petersson J
Department of Community and Family Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
Prev Med. 2000 Nov;31(5):569-74. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2000.0746.
Reducing sun exposure during childhood may prevent skin cancer later in life. Sun protection increased immediately following implementation of the SunSafe multicomponent, community-based intervention delivered in 1996 through schools, day care centers, primary care offices, and beach recreation areas. Whether sun protection levels would remain higher than preintervention levels the following summer was unknown.
A randomized controlled trial based in 10 New Hampshire towns addressed children's use of protective clothing, shade, and sunscreen at freshwater beach areas. The intervention was provided initially between March and May 1996. A brief project follow-up contact was provided to schools, day care centers, beaches, and primary care offices between March and May 1997 to restock intervention materials and to answer questions. Observations of 1490 children during June through August of 1997 were compared with observations made prior to any intervention between June and August of 1995.
In intervention towns, the proportion of children using at least some sun protection increased by 0.15 from 0.58 in 1995 to 0.73 in 1997 while the proportion in control towns increased by 0.03 (P = 0.033). This increase was due to more use of sunscreen, but not more use of protective clothing or shade. In 1997, care-givers of children in intervention towns reported receiving more sun protection information from school and health care sources than control town caregivers (62% versus 33%, P < 0.006).
In intervention communities, a higher proportion of children used sun protection in 1997 than at baseline. Increases from 1995 to 1997 were similar in magnitude to short-term increases between 1995 and 1996 that we have been previously reported.
减少儿童时期的阳光暴露可能预防日后的皮肤癌。1996年通过学校、日托中心、初级保健办公室和海滩休闲区实施了基于社区的多成分“阳光安全”干预措施后，防晒情况立即得到改善。尚不清楚次年夏天防晒水平是否会持续高于干预前水平。
在新罕布什尔州的10个城镇开展了一项随机对照试验，研究儿童在淡水海滩区域使用防护服、遮阳设施和防晒霜的情况。干预最初于1996年3月至5月进行。1997年3月至5月间，向学校、日托中心、海滩和初级保健办公室进行了简短的项目随访联系，以补充干预材料并解答问题。将1997年6月至8月对1490名儿童的观察结果与1995年6月至8月在任何干预措施实施前的观察结果进行比较。
在干预城镇，使用至少某种防晒措施的儿童比例从1995年的0.58增加了0.15，至1997年为0.73，而对照城镇的这一比例增加了0.03（P = 0.033）。这种增加是由于更多地使用了防晒霜，而非更多地使用防护服或遮阳设施。1997年，干预城镇儿童的照料者报告称，从学校和医疗保健机构获得的防晒信息比对照城镇的照料者更多（62%对33%，P < 0.006）。
在干预社区，1997年使用防晒措施的儿童比例高于基线水平。1995年至1997年的增幅与我们之前报告的1995年至1996年的短期增幅相似。
