Metabolic control and ageing.

There appear to be multiple processes that are limiting for longevity and the associated mechanisms of ageing. Among these processes, metabolic control is coming to the forefront, because it has surfaced in studies in several model systems and because of its relevance to mammalian ageing. The genetic and molecular dissection of ageing in yeast points to mechanisms involving three aspects of metabolism. First, dysfunctional mitochondria signal many changes in nuclear gene expression that result in metabolic adjustments that extend life span. Second, manipulation of nutritional status can also increase longevity in a separate caloric-restriction pathway. Finally, protein synthesis is a third aspect, which depends on the transcriptional state of chromatin and the histone deacetylases that modulate it.