Mausner-Dorsch H, Eaton W W
Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2000 Nov;90(11):1765-70. doi: 10.2105/ajph.90.11.1765.
This study examined the relation between occupational variables and 3 forms of depression (major depressive episode, depressive syndrome, and dysphoria). It was hypothesized that individuals working in occupations with high psychologic strain (high psychologic demands and low decision authority) would have a higher prevalence of depression relative to those working in occupations with the other 3 possible conditions.
The analysis was based on data for 905 respondents who were employed full-time in the year before the follow-up interview for the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program in Baltimore, Md, between 1993 and 1996. Psychosocial work environment, sociodemographic variables, and psychopathology were assessed in a household interview that included the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Subscales for the demand-control model for psychosocial work environment were modified slightly after factor analysis.
High job strain was associated with greater prevalence of all 3 forms of depression, especially major depressive episode. The results were stronger for women; for men, being unmarried was the strongest prevalence correlate.
Major depressive episode, depressive syndrome, and dysphoria are strongly associated with the psychosocial dimensions of the demand-control model.
本研究探讨职业变量与三种抑郁形式（重度抑郁发作、抑郁综合征和烦躁不安）之间的关系。研究假设，与从事其他三种可能情况职业的人相比，从事心理压力大（心理需求高且决策自主权低）职业的个体患抑郁症的患病率更高。
分析基于1993年至1996年间在马里兰州巴尔的摩市进行的流行病学集水区项目随访访谈前一年全职工作的905名受访者的数据。在一次包括美国国立精神卫生研究所诊断访谈表的家庭访谈中评估了心理社会工作环境、社会人口统计学变量和精神病理学。心理社会工作环境需求控制模型的子量表在因素分析后略有修改。
高工作压力与所有三种抑郁形式的患病率较高相关，尤其是重度抑郁发作。女性的结果更强；对于男性，未婚是最强的患病率相关因素。
重度抑郁发作、抑郁综合征和烦躁不安与需求控制模型的心理社会维度密切相关。
