Lennon M C
Columbia University School of Public Health, New York, New York 10032.
J Health Soc Behav. 1994 Sep;35(3):235-47.
This study investigates the role of work conditions in mediating the effect of employment status on married women's psychological well-being. Employed wives and full-time homemakers are compared on characteristics of their daily work activities and the consequences of these work conditions for psychological well-being. Using data from a national survey of employed wives and homemakers, I find that full-time housework involves more autonomy, more interruptions, greater physical effort, more routine, fewer time pressures, and less responsibility for matters outside one's control than paid work. Differences in work activities between employed wives and homemakers also have direct implications for well-being. Two of the dimensions examined--the extent to which the worker is responsible for things outside her control, and the amount of routine entailed--are associated with greater depressive symptoms among women, regardless of work status. It appears that, as compared to employed wives, full-time homemakers benefit from having less responsibility for things outside their control. Employed wives appear to benefit from having less routinized work than homemakers. As a result of the different configurations of their work characteristics, employed wives and homemakers experience on average similar levels of depressive symptoms.
本研究探讨工作条件在调节就业状况对已婚女性心理健康影响方面的作用。对就业妻子和全职家庭主妇的日常工作活动特征以及这些工作条件对心理健康的影响进行了比较。利用一项针对就业妻子和家庭主妇的全国性调查数据，我发现全职家务劳动比有偿工作涉及更多自主性、更多干扰、更大体力消耗、更多常规性、更少时间压力以及对无法控制之事的责任更小。就业妻子和家庭主妇在工作活动上的差异也对幸福感有直接影响。所考察的两个维度——工人对其无法控制之事的负责程度以及所涉及的常规工作量——与女性更严重的抑郁症状相关，无论其工作状态如何。似乎与就业妻子相比，全职家庭主妇因对无法控制之事的责任较小而受益。就业妻子似乎因工作比家庭主妇更少常规化而受益。由于她们工作特征的不同组合，就业妻子和家庭主妇平均经历相似程度的抑郁症状。
