Moertel C G, Taylor W F, Roth A, Tyce F A
Mayo Clin Proc. 1976 Feb;51(2):96-100.
Among 288 cancer patients undergoing controlled trials of oral analgesics there were 112 who received 50% or greater pain relief from placebo formulations. Patients who responded to placebo had a greater response rate to active drugs. They also had a higher incidence of central nervous system side effects to placebo. Patient groups showing as increased placebo response included those with a high level of education, farmers, those with a professional occupation, women working outside the home, and patients who were widowed, separated, or divorced. Those resistant to placebo were patients with a low educational level, unskilled workers, housewives, married women without children, and smokers. It is theorized that placebo response is a type of autohypnosis phenomenon resulting from exaggerated oral-dependency needs. Particularly vulnerable to placebo effect is the very self-sufficient individual with heavy responsibilities who is thrust into the unaccustomed dependency of disabling illness.
在288名接受口服镇痛药对照试验的癌症患者中，有112人从安慰剂制剂中获得了50%或更高程度的疼痛缓解。对安慰剂有反应的患者对活性药物的反应率更高。他们对安慰剂产生中枢神经系统副作用的发生率也更高。显示出安慰剂反应增加的患者群体包括受过高等教育的人、农民、从事专业职业的人、外出工作的女性以及丧偶、分居或离婚的患者。对安慰剂有抗性的患者是教育水平低的人、非技术工人、家庭主妇、没有孩子的已婚妇女和吸烟者。理论上认为，安慰剂反应是一种由过度的口腔依赖需求导致的自我催眠现象。特别容易受到安慰剂效应影响的是那些非常自给自足、责任重大的人，他们因疾病而陷入不习惯的依赖状态。
