Voss S E, Rosowski J J, Merchant S N, Peake W T
Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Hear Res. 2000 Dec;150(1-2):43-69. doi: 10.1016/s0378-5955(00)00177-5.
Measurements on human cadaver ears are reported that describe sound transmission through the middle ear. Four response variables were measured with acoustic stimulation at the tympanic membrane: stapes velocity, middle-ear cavity sound pressure, acoustic impedance at the tympanic membrane and acoustic impedance of the middle-ear cavity. Measurements of stapes velocity at different locations on the stapes suggest that stapes motion is predominantly 'piston-like', for frequencies up to at least 2000 Hz. The measurements are generally consistent with constraints of existing models. The measurements are used (1) to show how the cavity pressure and the impedance at the tympanic membrane are related, (2) to develop a measurement-based middle-ear cavity model, which shows that the middle-ear cavity has only small effects on the motion of the tympanic membrane and stapes in the normal ear, although it may play a more prominent role in pathological ears, and (3) to show that inter-ear variations in the impedance at the tympanic membrane and the stapes velocity are not well correlated.
报告了对人类尸体耳朵的测量结果，这些测量描述了声音通过中耳的传播情况。在鼓膜处进行声学刺激时测量了四个响应变量：镫骨速度、中耳腔声压、鼓膜处的声阻抗和中耳腔的声阻抗。在镫骨不同位置测量镫骨速度表明，至少在2000Hz以下的频率范围内，镫骨运动主要呈“活塞样”。这些测量结果总体上与现有模型的限制相符。这些测量结果被用于：（1）展示中耳腔压力与鼓膜处阻抗之间的关系；（2）建立一个基于测量的中耳腔模型，该模型表明，中耳腔对正常耳朵中鼓膜和镫骨的运动影响较小，尽管它在病理耳朵中可能起更显著的作用；（3）表明鼓膜处阻抗和镫骨速度的耳间差异相关性不强。
