Chamari K, Ahmaidi S, Ayoub J, Merzouk A, Laparidis C, Choquet D, Mercier J, Préfaut C
Laboratoire de Recherches APS et Conduites Motrices: Adaptations-Réadaptations, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000 Nov;55(11):B537-44. doi: 10.1093/gerona/55.11.b537.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aging on athletes' cardiorespiratory responses to a brief intense intermittent effort, using the force-velocity test as an exercise model. Twelve young athletes (24.8 +/- 1.3 years) and twelve master athletes (65.1 +/- 1.2 years) with similar heights, body masses, and endurance training schedules participated in this study. They performed both a maximal graded exercise and the force-velocity tests. The force-velocity test consisted of the repetition of 6-second sprints against increasing braking forces with 5-minute recovery periods. None of the subjects presented abnormal electrocardiogram responses to the tests. During the force-velocity test, the heart rate magnitudes of response in all subjects were correlated to the corresponding sprint power output (p < .001), with higher values for the young athletes (p < .001). Both groups had similar systolic blood pressure peaks of response during the force-velocity test. Both groups had similar preexercise and end-of-recovery oxygen consumption (VO2), but the young athletes had higher peaks of response (p < .001). The VO2 magnitudes of response increased during the test (p < .01) in all subjects, with higher values for the young athletes (p < .001). There was a positive correlation between the VO2 magnitude of response and (1) the corresponding sprint power output (R = .58,p < .001) and (2) the corresponding number of sprint repetitions (R = .29, p < .02). The young athletes had higher end-of-recovery and peak carbon dioxide production (VCO2) responses than the master athletes (p < .001). Pulmonary ventilation (V(E)) peaks of response to the sprints were higher in the young athletes (p < .001). There was a positive relation between the V(E) and VCO2 peaks of response (R = 84,p < .001). In both groups the peak heart rate, VO2, VCO2, and V(E) values attained during the force-velocity test represented similar percentages of the maximal values reached at exhaustion of maximal graded exercise. These results showed that aging does not alter the percentage of the cardiorespiratory response to a brief intense intermittent exercise such as the force-velocity test. Moreover, the arterial blood pressure response is not significantly altered, whereas the vasodilatatory response is.
本研究旨在以力-速度测试作为运动模型，探讨衰老对运动员心肺系统对短暂剧烈间歇运动反应的影响。12名年轻运动员（24.8±1.3岁）和12名老年运动员（65.1±1.2岁）参与了本研究，他们身高、体重和耐力训练计划相似。他们进行了最大分级运动和力-速度测试。力-速度测试包括以递增的制动力重复进行6秒冲刺，每次冲刺后有5分钟恢复期。所有受试者在测试中均未出现异常心电图反应。在力-速度测试期间，所有受试者的心率反应幅度与相应的冲刺功率输出相关（p<.001），年轻运动员的值更高（p<.001）。两组在力-速度测试期间的收缩压反应峰值相似。两组的运动前和恢复末期耗氧量（VO2）相似，但年轻运动员的反应峰值更高（p<.001）。所有受试者在测试期间的VO2反应幅度均增加（p<.01），年轻运动员的值更高（p<.001）。VO2反应幅度与（1）相应的冲刺功率输出（R=.58，p<.001）和（2）相应的冲刺重复次数（R=.29，p<.02）之间存在正相关。年轻运动员的恢复末期和二氧化碳产生峰值（VCO2）反应高于老年运动员（p<.001）。年轻运动员对冲刺的肺通气（V(E)）反应峰值更高（p<.001）。V(E)和VCO2反应峰值之间存在正相关（R=84，p<.001）。在两组中，力-速度测试期间达到的心率、VO2、VCO2和V(E)峰值占最大分级运动疲劳时达到的最大值的百分比相似。这些结果表明，衰老不会改变心肺系统对诸如力-速度测试这样的短暂剧烈间歇运动的反应百分比。此外，动脉血压反应没有显著改变，而血管舒张反应则有所改变。
