Shanks L, Schull M J
Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ont.
CMAJ. 2000 Oct 31;163(9):1152-6.
Women and children are vulnerable to sexual violence in times of conflict, and the risk persists even after they have escaped the conflict area. The impact of rape goes far beyond the immediate effects of the physical attack and has long-lasting consequences. We describe the humanitarian community's response to sexual violence and rape in times of war and civil unrest by drawing on the experiences of Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders and other humanitarian agencies. Health care workers must have a keen awareness of the problem and be prepared to respond appropriately. This requires a comprehensive intervention protocol, including antibiotic prophylaxis, emergency contraception, referral for psychological support, and proper documentation and reporting procedures. Preventing widespread sexual violence requires increasing the security in refugee camps. It also requires speaking out and holding states accountable when violations of international law occur. The challenge is to remain alert to these often hidden, but extremely destructive, crimes in the midst of a chaotic emergency relief setting.
妇女和儿童在冲突时期易遭受性暴力，即便他们逃离冲突地区后，这种风险依然存在。强奸的影响远不止于身体攻击的直接后果，还会产生长期影响。我们借鉴无国界医生组织及其他人道主义机构的经验，描述了人道主义团体在战争和内乱时期对性暴力及强奸行为的应对措施。医护人员必须对该问题有敏锐的认识，并做好适当应对的准备。这需要一套全面的干预方案，包括抗生素预防、紧急避孕、转介接受心理支持，以及恰当的记录和报告程序。防止性暴力的广泛发生需要加强难民营的安全保障。当发生违反国际法的行为时，还需要大声疾呼并追究各国的责任。面临的挑战是，在混乱的紧急救援环境中，要时刻警惕这些往往隐蔽但极具破坏性的罪行。
