Vainio H, Morgan G
Unit of Chemoprevention, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Ann Chir Gynaecol. 2000;89(3):173-6.
Aspirin and other NSAIDs are showing promise in the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. Ongoing trials will eventually provide still lacking information about the optimum dose and treatment duration. NSAIDs may also help to lower the risk of cancer in other organs such as the oesophagus, and possibly breast, stomach, and lung. The chemoprevention by NSAIDs should be seen not as the sole method of prevention, but as an additional tool which will be accompanied by other approaches such as stopping smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, and eating more fruits and vegetables. The chemoprevention by NSAIDs needs also to be balanced against the risks of toxicity (particularly in the stomach) and the other beneficial effects such as prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Some of the NSAID induced gastric ulceration and bleeding will most likely be avoided by adopting the use of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective NSAIDs, which will selectively inhibit COX-2 while sparing COX-1.
阿司匹林和其他非甾体抗炎药在结直肠癌的化学预防方面显示出前景。正在进行的试验最终将提供关于最佳剂量和治疗持续时间方面仍欠缺的信息。非甾体抗炎药或许还有助于降低其他器官如食管以及可能的乳腺、胃和肺部患癌的风险。非甾体抗炎药的化学预防不应被视为唯一的预防方法，而应作为一种辅助手段，同时还需结合其他方法，如戒烟、限制饮酒以及多吃水果和蔬菜。非甾体抗炎药的化学预防还需要在毒性风险（尤其是胃部毒性）与其他有益作用（如预防心血管疾病的发病和死亡）之间取得平衡。采用选择性抑制环氧化酶-2（COX-2）而不影响环氧化酶-1（COX-1）的环氧化酶-2选择性非甾体抗炎药，很可能会避免一些非甾体抗炎药引起的胃溃疡和出血。
