Boon-Niermeijer E K, van den Berg A, Wikman G, Wiegant F A
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Phytomedicine. 2000 Oct;7(5):389-99. doi: 10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80060-4.
The main purpose of the studies presented in this paper is twofold: 1) to evaluate whether phyto-adaptogens (Acanthopanax senticosus and Rhodiola rosea) are able to exert a protective action against stress-induced death of embryos of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis; and 2) whether a possible protective action by phyto-adaptogens can be explained by the induction of heat shock proteins. Enhancement in resistance by phyto-adaptogens was studied by applying plant extracts for a period of 20 hours to 3-day old larvae of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Subsequently they were exposed to a high and toxic dose of different environmental stressors. The following stress conditions were selected: a physical stress condition (heat shock: 43 degrees C for 4 minutes), an oxidative stress condition (superoxide radicals induced by menadione (600 microM for 2 hours)) and heavy metal-induced stress (copper (150 microM for 1 hour) or cadmium (20 microM during 1 hour)). Both Acanthopanax and Rhodiola exert a strong protective action against a lethal heat shock. These adaptogens also significantly protect against the negative effect of superoxide radicals as induced by menadione. With respect to the protective action against exposure to heavy metals a small but significant protection was observed against intoxication with copper or cadmium by the phyto-adaptogens. In summary, there appears to be a difference in efficiency in enhancing resistance to the various stress conditions used (heat shock>menadione>copper>cadmium). Based on the results presented in this paper, we can conclude that phyto-adaptogens are able to enhance the resistance against the different stress conditions tested in developing individuals of Lymnaea. Although the degree to which resistance is enhanced appears to depend on the type of stressor applied, our results confirm the definition of phyto-adaptogens as being universal enhancers of non-specific resistance against different kinds of stress conditions. With respect to the mechanism of enhanced resistance, the question was asked whether this protective action is caused by an induction of heat shock proteins (hsps), which are known to be involved in tolerance and adaptation. The phyto-adaptogens did not induce the synthesis of any of the hsps, nor did they modulate the normal heat shock induced synthesis of these stress proteins. We conclude that it is unlikely that hsps play a major role in obtaining an enhanced state of resistance provided by phyto-adaptogens.
1）评估植物适应原（刺五加和红景天）是否能够对池塘螺静水椎实螺胚胎因应激导致的死亡发挥保护作用；2）植物适应原可能的保护作用是否可以通过热休克蛋白的诱导来解释。通过将植物提取物应用于3日龄的池塘螺静水椎实螺幼虫20小时，研究植物适应原对其抵抗力的增强作用。随后，将它们暴露于高剂量且有毒的不同环境应激源下。选择了以下应激条件：物理应激条件（热休克：43摄氏度持续4分钟）、氧化应激条件（甲萘醌诱导的超氧自由基（600微摩尔/升持续2小时））以及重金属诱导的应激（铜（150微摩尔/升持续1小时）或镉（20微摩尔/升持续1小时））。刺五加和红景天对致死性热休克均发挥了强大的保护作用。这些适应原还显著保护机体免受甲萘醌诱导的超氧自由基的负面影响。关于对暴露于重金属的保护作用，观察到植物适应原对铜或镉中毒有轻微但显著的保护作用。总之，在增强对所使用的各种应激条件（热休克>甲萘醌>铜>镉）的抵抗力方面，似乎存在效率差异。基于本文所呈现的结果，我们可以得出结论，植物适应原能够增强静水椎实螺发育个体对所测试的不同应激条件的抵抗力。尽管抵抗力增强的程度似乎取决于所施加应激源的类型，但我们的结果证实了植物适应原作为针对不同种类应激条件的非特异性抵抗力的通用增强剂的定义。关于抵抗力增强的机制，有人提出问题，即这种保护作用是否由热休克蛋白（hsps）的诱导引起，已知热休克蛋白参与耐受性和适应性。植物适应原既未诱导任何热休克蛋白的合成，也未调节正常热休克诱导的这些应激蛋白的合成。我们得出结论，热休克蛋白在获得植物适应原所提供的增强抵抗力状态中不太可能起主要作用。
