Giacomoni M, Falgairette G
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK.
Ergonomics. 2000 Oct;43(10):1559-70. doi: 10.1080/001401300750003989.
Long-term oral contraceptive (OC) use is known to be associated with changes in haemostasis, cardiovascular dynamics, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Less well documented are the short-term variations in cardiorespiratory responses to exercise during the menstrual cycle of OC users. In this study the short-term effects of the usage of OC on cardiorespiratory and ventilatory responses to submaximal exercise were examined. Ten women (age = 23 +/- 3 years) on monophasic OC were tested at three different times during their 'cycle': during menstruation, off OC use (off OC: days 2-4), early on OC use (EOC: days 7 - 9) and late on OC use (LOC: days 19 - 21). Times of testing were assigned randomly. On each occasion participants performed a continuous 12-min run exercise on a treadmill at three submaximal intensities (averaging 7, 8 and 9 km h(-1)), each for 4 min. Heart rate, ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio and running economy were assessed in the last minute of each stage of exercise. No significant variations were observed between the different times for heart rate, VE, and VCO2 irrespective of the stage of exercise (p > 0.05). Using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures on both factors (three stages and three times), VO2 (ml kg(-1) min(-1)) was lower by 3% to 5.8% when participants were on early and late OC use compared to off OC regardless of the stage of the exercise (F(2,18) = 6.3; p = 0.008). Running economy (ml O2 kg(-1) km(-1)) was significantly improved (lower values) when women were on late OC use compared to off OC regardless of the stage of exercise. No significant interaction effect between stage of exercise and time of pill usage was demonstrated in any of the parameters studied. Results suggest that oral contraceptive users may expect lower VO2 and better running economy during the pill ingestion phase and consequently have implications for exercise performances.
长期口服避孕药（OC）的使用与止血、心血管动力学以及碳水化合物和脂质代谢的变化有关。关于OC使用者月经周期中运动时心肺反应的短期变化，相关记录较少。在本研究中，考察了使用OC对次最大运动时心肺和通气反应的短期影响。对10名服用单相OC的女性（年龄 = 23 ± 3岁）在其“周期”的三个不同时间进行测试：月经期间、停用OC时（停用OC：第2 - 4天）、刚开始使用OC时（EOC：第7 - 9天）和使用OC后期（LOC：第19 - 21天）。测试时间随机分配。每次测试时，参与者在跑步机上以三种次最大强度（平均7、8和9 km h⁻¹）进行连续12分钟的跑步运动，每种强度持续4分钟。在运动每个阶段的最后一分钟评估心率、通气量（VE）、摄氧量（VO₂）、二氧化碳排出量（VCO₂）、呼吸交换率和跑步经济性。无论运动阶段如何，心率、VE和VCO₂在不同时间之间均未观察到显著差异（p > 0.05）。使用双因素重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）（两个因素分别为三个阶段和三个时间），与停用OC相比，无论运动阶段如何，参与者在刚开始使用OC和使用OC后期时VO₂（ml kg⁻¹ min⁻¹）降低了3%至5.8%（F(2,18) = 6.3；p = 0.008）。与停用OC相比，无论运动阶段如何，女性在使用OC后期时跑步经济性（ml O₂ kg⁻¹ km⁻¹）显著改善（数值更低）。在所研究的任何参数中，均未显示运动阶段和服药时间之间存在显著的交互作用。结果表明，口服避孕药使用者在服药阶段可能预期VO₂较低且跑步经济性较好，因此对运动表现有影响。
