Freeman W M, Robertson D J, Vrana K E
Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Biotechniques. 2000 Nov;29(5):1042-6, 1048-55. doi: 10.2144/00295rv01.
DNA hybridization arrays [also known as macroarrays, microarrays and/or high-density oligonucleotide arrays (Gene Chips)] bring gene expression analysis to a genomic scale by permitting investigators to simultaneously examine changes in the expression of literally thousands of genes. For hybridization arrays, the general approach is to immobilize gene-specific sequences (probes) on a solid state matrix (nylon membranes, glass microscope slides, silicon/ceramic chips). These sequences are then queried with labeled copies of nucleic acids from biological samples (targets). The underlying theory is that the greater the expression of a gene, the greater the amount of labeled target, and hence, the greater output signal. In spite of the simplicity of the experimental design, there are at least four different platforms and several different approaches to processing and labeling the biological samples. Moreover, investigators must also determine whether they will utilize commercially available arrays or generate their own. This review will cover the status of the hybridization array field with an eye toward underlying principles and available technologies. Future developments and technological trends will also be evaluated.
DNA杂交阵列（也称为宏阵列、微阵列和/或高密度寡核苷酸阵列（基因芯片））通过使研究人员能够同时检测数千个基因的表达变化，将基因表达分析提升到基因组规模。对于杂交阵列，一般方法是将基因特异性序列（探针）固定在固态基质（尼龙膜、玻璃显微镜载玻片、硅/陶瓷芯片）上。然后用来自生物样品（靶标）的核酸标记拷贝来查询这些序列。其基本理论是，基因表达越高，标记靶标的数量就越多，因此输出信号就越强。尽管实验设计很简单，但至少有四种不同的平台以及几种不同的处理和标记生物样品的方法。此外，研究人员还必须决定是使用市售阵列还是自己制作。本综述将着眼于基本原理和现有技术，涵盖杂交阵列领域的现状。还将评估未来的发展和技术趋势。
