Newman L A
Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Cnollege of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA.
Semin Speech Lang. 2000;21(4):281-91. doi: 10.1055/s-2000-8382.
The pediatric population with dysphagia is diverse, ranging from premature infants to fully grown adolescents. A variety of medical conditions cause swallowing disorders in pediatric patients. Complications of swallowing disorders can have severe and even fatal consequences. Swallowing disorders have a direct impact on nutrition, and adequate nutrition is required for growth and development of all body systems in infants and children. Infants and children may not have the same symptoms and signs as adults with dysphagia do and learning to identify pediatric patients at risk for dysphagia is critical. The diagnosis must be thorough and accurate. Furthermore, management of swallowing disorders and nutrition must be aggressive and immediate because of the reduced nutritional reserve and high needs of the infant and child. This article discusses the following three areas for optimal care: identification of infants and children at risk for dysphagia, diagnostic procedures, and management.
患有吞咽困难的儿科人群多种多样，涵盖从早产儿到发育成熟的青少年。多种医疗状况可导致儿科患者出现吞咽障碍。吞咽障碍的并发症可能会产生严重甚至致命的后果。吞咽障碍直接影响营养状况，而充足的营养对于婴幼儿和儿童所有身体系统的生长发育至关重要。婴幼儿和儿童可能没有与患有吞咽困难的成年人相同的症状和体征，因此学会识别有吞咽困难风险的儿科患者至关重要。诊断必须全面且准确。此外，由于婴幼儿营养储备减少且需求高，吞咽障碍和营养的管理必须积极且及时。本文讨论了优化护理的以下三个方面：识别有吞咽困难风险的婴幼儿、诊断程序和管理。
