Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611-2605, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013 Aug;60(4):969-77. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2013.04.010. Epub 2013 Jun 15.
Feeding and swallowing disorders in the pediatric population are becoming more common, particularly in infants born prematurely and in children with chronic medical conditions. The normal swallowing mechanism is divided into 4 stages: the preparatory, the oral, the pharyngeal, and the esophageal phases. Feeding disorders have multiple causes: medical, nutritional, behavioral, psychological, and environmental factors can all contribute. Pathologic conditions involving any of the anatomic sites associated with the phases of swallowing can negatively impact the coordination of these phases and lead to symptoms of dysphagia and feeding intolerance.
小儿喂养和吞咽障碍越来越常见，尤其是在早产儿和患有慢性疾病的儿童中。正常的吞咽机制分为 4 个阶段：准备阶段、口腔阶段、咽阶段和食管阶段。喂养障碍有多种原因：医学、营养、行为、心理和环境因素都可能导致喂养障碍。与吞咽各阶段相关的任何解剖部位的病理情况都可能影响这些阶段的协调性，并导致吞咽困难和喂养不耐受的症状。
