Murakami T, Nakamura J, Kageura T, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M
Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Japan.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2000 Nov;48(11):1720-5. doi: 10.1248/cpb.48.1720.
Following the investigation of assamsaponins A, B, C, D, and E, four new saponins termed assamsaponins F, G, H, and I were isolated from the seeds of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis L. var. assamica PIERRE), while assamsaponin J was isolated from its leaves. The structures of assamsaponins F-J were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence and found to be 16,22-O-diacetyl-21-O-angeloyltheasapogenol E 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1-->2)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1 -->2)- alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, 21-O-angeloyl-22-O-acetyltheasapogenol E 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1--> 2)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->3)]- beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, 21-O-angeloyl-28-O-acetyltheasapogenol E 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1--> 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, 21-O-tigloyl-28-O-acetyltheasapogenol E 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1--> 2)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1--> 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, and 16,21-O-diacetyl-22-O-cinnamoyltheasapogenol B 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl(l-->2)][beta-D-rhamnopyranosy(1-->2)- alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, respectively. The saponin mixture from the seeds of the tea plant was found to exhibit an inhibitory effect on gastric emptying and an accelerating effect on gastrointestinal transit in mice. Theasaponin E1 the principle saponin of the tea plant, showed potent activity, while theasaponin E2 showed none, so that the position of the acyl groups in the sapogenin moiety is important from a pharmacological point of view.
在对阿萨姆皂苷A、B、C、D和E进行研究之后，从茶树（茶变种阿萨姆茶PIERRE）种子中分离出四种新的皂苷，分别命名为阿萨姆皂苷F、G、H和I，同时从其叶子中分离出阿萨姆皂苷J。基于化学和物理化学证据阐明了阿萨姆皂苷F - J的结构，发现它们分别是16,22 - O - 二乙酰基 - 21 - O - 当归酰茶皂素E 3 - O - [β - D - 吡喃半乳糖基(1→2)][β - D - 吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-α - L - 阿拉伯吡喃糖基(1→3)] - β - D - 吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷、21 - O - 当归酰 - 22 - O - 乙酰基茶皂素E 3 - O - [β - D - 吡喃半乳糖基(1→2)][β - D - 吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-α - L - 阿拉伯吡喃糖基(1→3)] - β - D - 吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷、21 - O - 当归酰 - 28 - O - 乙酰基茶皂素E 3 - O - [β - D - 吡喃半乳糖基(1→2)][β - D - 吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-α - L - 阿拉伯吡喃糖基(1→3)] - β - D - 吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷、21 - O - 惕各酰 - 28 - O - 乙酰基茶皂素E 3 - O - [β - D - 吡喃半乳糖基(1→2)][β - D - 吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-α - L - 阿拉伯吡喃糖基(1→3)] - β - D - 吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷，以及16,21 - O - 二乙酰基 - 22 - O - 肉桂酰茶皂素B 3 - O - [β - D - 吡喃半乳糖基(1→2)][β - D - 鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)-α - L - 阿拉伯吡喃糖基(1→3)] - β - D - 吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷。发现来自茶树种子的皂苷混合物对小鼠胃排空具有抑制作用，对胃肠道转运具有促进作用。茶皂素E1是茶树的主要皂苷成分，显示出强效活性，而茶皂素E2则无活性，因此从药理学角度来看，皂苷元部分中酰基的位置很重要。
