Meadows G, Harvey C, Fossey E, Burgess P
Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2000 Sep;35(9):427-35. doi: 10.1007/s001270050260.
The Perceived Need for Care Questionnaire (PNCQ) was designed for the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. The PNCQ complemented collection of data on diagnosis and disability with the survey participants' perceptions of their needs for mental health care and the meeting of those needs. The four-stage design of the PNCQ mimics a conversational exploration of the topic of perceived needs. Five categories of perceived need are each assigned to one of four levels of perceived need (no need, unmet need, partially met need and met need). For unmet need and partially met need, information on barriers to care is collected.
Inter-rater reliabilities of perceived needs assessed by the PNCQ were examined in a study of 145 anxiety clinic attenders. Construct validity of these items was tested, using a multi-trait multi-method approach and hypotheses regarding extreme groups, in a study with a sample of 51 general practice and community psychiatric service patients.
The instrument is brief to administer and has proved feasible for use in various settings. Inter-rater reliabilities for major categories, measured by the kappa statistic, exceeded 0.60 in most cases; for the summary category of all perceived needs, inter-rater reliability was 0.62. The multi-trait multi-method approach lent support to the construct validity of the instrument, as did findings in extreme groups.
The PNCQ shows acceptable feasibility, reliability and validity, adding to the range of assessment tools available for epidemiological and health services research.
感知护理需求问卷（PNCQ）是为澳大利亚全国心理健康与幸福调查设计的。PNCQ通过调查参与者对心理健康护理需求的感知以及这些需求的满足情况，对诊断和残疾数据的收集起到补充作用。PNCQ的四阶段设计模仿了对感知需求这一主题的对话式探索。五类感知需求分别被归入四个感知需求水平之一（无需求、未满足需求、部分满足需求和已满足需求）。对于未满足需求和部分满足需求，会收集护理障碍方面的信息。
在一项对145名焦虑症门诊患者的研究中，检验了PNCQ评估的感知需求的评分者间信度。在一项对51名全科和社区精神科服务患者的样本研究中，采用多特质多方法 approach 以及关于极端组的假设，对这些项目的结构效度进行了测试。
该工具实施简便，已证明在各种环境中使用都是可行的。用kappa统计量衡量的主要类别的评分者间信度在大多数情况下超过0.60；对于所有感知需求的汇总类别，评分者间信度为0.62。多特质多方法 approach 以及极端组的研究结果都支持了该工具的结构效度。
PNCQ显示出可接受的可行性、信度和效度，为流行病学和卫生服务研究增加了可用的评估工具范围。
