Han SH, Saab S, Martin P
10945 Le Conte Avenue, 2114 PVUB, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6949, USA.
Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2000 Dec;3(6):481-486. doi: 10.1007/s11938-000-0037-4.
The mainstay of treatment for acute viral hepatitis is supportive care, as most cases are self-limited. General measures in all types of acute viral hepatitis include bedrest if the patient is very symptomatic, a high-calorie diet, avoidance of hepatotoxic medications, and abstinence from alcohol with the anticipation that most patients will recover uneventfully. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for intravenous rehydration if the patient is unable to maintain adequate oral intake due to nausea and vomiting or if there is any alteration of mental status to suggest evolving fulminant hepatic failure. Acute hepatitis A is a self-limited disease, but can be fulminant. Lamivudine at a dosage of 100 mg/d orally may be beneficial in acute hepatitis B. Interferon-alpha therapy in acute hepatitis C may decrease the risk of developing chronic hepatitis C. Fulminant liver failure due to acute viral hepatitis is uncommon, but orthotopic liver transplantation occasionally may be life saving.
急性病毒性肝炎的主要治疗方法是支持性护理，因为大多数病例是自限性的。所有类型急性病毒性肝炎的一般措施包括：如果患者症状非常严重，则需卧床休息；给予高热量饮食；避免使用肝毒性药物；戒酒，预期大多数患者会顺利康复。在严重情况下，如果患者因恶心和呕吐而无法维持足够的口服摄入量，或者出现任何精神状态改变提示即将发生暴发性肝衰竭，则可能需要住院进行静脉补液。急性甲型肝炎是一种自限性疾病，但也可能是暴发性的。口服拉米夫定，剂量为100mg/天，可能对急性乙型肝炎有益。急性丙型肝炎的α干扰素治疗可能会降低发展为慢性丙型肝炎的风险。急性病毒性肝炎导致的暴发性肝衰竭并不常见，但原位肝移植偶尔可能挽救生命。
