Breuil J, Brisabois A, Casin I, Armand-Lefèvre L, Frémy S, Collatz E
Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, 40 Allée de la Source, 94190 Villeneuve-Saint Georges, France.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000 Dec;46(6):965-71. doi: 10.1093/jac/46.6.965.
Among 25526 recorded isolates of salmonellae, 5086 isolated from humans and 20440 from animals in 1994 and 1997 in France, the antibiotic resistance phenotype was determined for all human and 5336 animal isolates. In Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, one of the two most frequently isolated serovars from humans as well as animals, resistance to ampicillin was observed in 61% of both human and animal isolates in 1994 and in 73% of human and 53% of animal isolates in 1997. During these periods, resistance to co-amoxiclav was between 45% and 66% for both types of isolate. Resistance to ampicillin was associated with resistance to streptomycin, spectinomycin, sulphonamide, tetracycline and chloramphenicol in over 70% of isolates. Resistance to ampicillin as well as co-amoxiclav never exceeded 7% in Salmonella enteritidis. While Salmonella hadar was practically absent among the human isolates in 1994, this serovar was the third most frequent in 1997, and at that time 92% were resistant to nalidixic acid. Among the animal S. hadar isolates, the prevalence of resistance to nalidixic acid increased from 3% in 1994 to 72% in 1997. None of these isolates manifested high-level resistance to ofloxacin. The levels of resistance to aminoglycosides (< or =3%) and trimethoprim-suphamethoxazole (< or =14%) remained practically unchanged in all three serovars. The resistance markers of 463 ampicillin-resistant S. typhimurium isolated in 1997 were determined. Among the 24 phenotypes observed, six multiresistance phenotypes, representing 82% of these isolates (as compared with 80% in 1994), were associated with the PSE-1 gene typically found in the lysotype DT104 of this serovar.
在法国1994年和1997年记录的25526株沙门氏菌分离株中，5086株来自人类，20440株来自动物，对所有人类分离株和5336株动物分离株进行了抗生素耐药表型测定。在肠炎沙门氏菌鼠伤寒血清型中，它是人类和动物中最常分离出的两种血清型之一，1994年，61%的人类和动物分离株对氨苄西林耐药，1997年，73%的人类分离株和53%的动物分离株对氨苄西林耐药。在这些时期，两种类型的分离株对阿莫西林克拉维酸的耐药率在45%至66%之间。超过70%的分离株中，对氨苄西林的耐药与对链霉素、大观霉素、磺胺类、四环素和氯霉素的耐药相关。肠炎沙门氏菌中对氨苄西林和阿莫西林克拉维酸的耐药率从未超过7%。虽然1994年人类分离株中几乎没有哈达尔沙门氏菌，但该血清型在1997年是第三常见的，当时92%对萘啶酸耐药。在动物哈达尔沙门氏菌分离株中，对萘啶酸的耐药率从1994年的3%上升到1997年的72%。这些分离株均未表现出对氧氟沙星的高水平耐药。所有三种血清型对氨基糖苷类（≤3%）和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑（≤14%）的耐药水平基本保持不变。测定了1997年分离的463株氨苄西林耐药鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的耐药标记。在观察到的24种表型中，六种多重耐药表型占这些分离株的8（与1994年的80%相比），与该血清型溶菌型DT104中典型发现的PSE-1基因相关。 2%，
