Cailhol J, Lailler R, Bouvet P, La Vieille S, Gauchard F, Sanders P, Brisabois A
French Agency for Food Safety (AFSSA), Direction de l'évaluation des risques nutritionnels et sanitaires, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Epidemiol Infect. 2006 Feb;134(1):171-8. doi: 10.1017/S0950268805004863.
A total of 1873 strains from human origin and 4283 strains from non-human origin of Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Hadar and Virchow, collected over three years 1993, 1997 and 2000, were examined in order to determine the rate of antimicrobial resistance to 12 antimicrobial drugs. The objective of the study was to describe and to compare the evolution of the main resistance types in human and non-human isolates, focusing on the poultry sector. The evolution and the rates of antimicrobial resistances for the five serotypes, with the exception of Virchow, were almost comparable in strains isolated from human and non-human sources over the period studied. The most striking result concerning single resistance was the spectacular increase of the resistance frequency to nalidixic acid for the strains belonging to serotypes Hadar and Virchow, especially in the poultry food sector (14% in 1993 vs. 72% in 2000 for Salmonella Virchow, 4% in 1993 vs. 70% in 2000 for Salmonella Hadar) and also in human isolates (24% in 1997 vs. 48% in 2000 for S. Virchow, 31% in 1997 vs. 78% in 2000 for S. Hadar). In addition to the classical resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamide, chloramphenicol and tetracycline (ASSuCT resistance type), which stabilized between 1997 and 2000, the emergence of a new resistance type was observed.
1993年、1997年和2000年这三年间，共收集了1873株源于人类的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、海德堡沙门氏菌、哈达尔沙门氏菌和维尔乔沙门氏菌菌株以及4283株源于非人类的上述血清型菌株，以确定它们对12种抗菌药物的耐药率。该研究的目的是描述并比较人类和非人类分离株中主要耐药类型的演变情况，重点关注家禽行业。在所研究的时间段内，除维尔乔沙门氏菌外，其余四种血清型菌株的抗菌耐药性演变及耐药率在源于人类和非人类的分离株中几乎相当。关于单一耐药性，最显著的结果是哈达尔沙门氏菌和维尔乔沙门氏菌菌株对萘啶酸的耐药频率急剧增加，尤其是在家禽食品行业（1993年维尔乔沙门氏菌为14%，2000年为72%；1993年哈达尔沙门氏菌为4%，2000年为70%）以及人类分离株中（1997年维尔乔沙门氏菌为24%，2000年为48%；1997年哈达尔沙门氏菌为31%，2000年为78%）。除了1997年至2000年间趋于稳定的对氨苄西林、链霉素、磺胺类药物、氯霉素和四环素的经典耐药性（ASSuCT耐药类型）外，还观察到一种新的耐药类型出现。
