May P A, Brooke L, Gossage J P, Croxford J, Adnams C, Jones K L, Robinson L, Viljoen D
University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Albuquerque 87106, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2000 Dec;90(12):1905-12. doi: 10.2105/ajph.90.12.1905.
This study determined the characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome in a South African community, and methodology was designed for the multidisciplinary study of fetal alcohol syndrome in developing societies.
An active case ascertainment, 2-tier methodology was used among 992 first-grade pupils. A case-control design, using measures of growth, development, dysmorphology, and maternal risk, delineated characteristics of children with fetal alcohol syndrome.
A high rate of fetal alcohol syndrome was found in the schools--40.5 to 46.4 per 1000 children aged 5 to 9 years--and age-specific community rates (ages 6-7) were 39.2 to 42.9. These rates are 18 to 141 times greater than in the United States. Rural residents had significantly more fetal alcohol syndrome. After control for ethnic variation, children with fetal alcohol syndrome had traits similar to those elsewhere: poor growth and development, congruent dysmorphology, and lower intellectual functioning.
This study documented the highest fetal alcohol syndrome rate to date in an overall community population. Fetal alcohol syndrome initiatives that incorporate innovative sampling and active case ascertainment methods can be used to obtain timely and accurate data among developing populations.
本研究确定了南非一个社区中胎儿酒精综合征的特征，并设计了在发展中社会对胎儿酒精综合征进行多学科研究的方法。
在992名一年级学生中采用了主动病例确诊的两层方法。采用病例对照设计，通过生长、发育、畸形学和母亲风险测量，描绘了胎儿酒精综合征患儿的特征。
在学校中发现胎儿酒精综合征的发生率很高——每1000名5至9岁儿童中有40.5至46.4例——特定年龄的社区发生率（6至7岁）为39.2至42.9例。这些发生率比美国高18至141倍。农村居民的胎儿酒精综合征明显更多。在控制种族差异后，胎儿酒精综合征患儿的特征与其他地方的患儿相似：生长发育不良、畸形一致、智力功能较低。
本研究记录了迄今为止总体社区人群中最高的胎儿酒精综合征发生率。采用创新抽样和主动病例确诊方法的胎儿酒精综合征倡议可用于在发展中人群中获取及时准确的数据。
