Richardson J A
ASPCA National Animal Poison Control Center, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA.
Vet Hum Toxicol. 2000 Dec;42(6):370-1.
Acyclovir is an antiviral agent that causes termination of viral DNA synthesis by inhibiting viral reverse transcriptase. Acyclovir is used therapeutically to treat herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr, and varicella-Zoster. Although acyclovir is thought to be low in toxicity, it has caused an obstructive nephropathy from accumulation of crystals in renal tissue. A retrospective review (January 1995 through March 2000) was conducted of acyclovir toxicoses in dogs reported to the ASPCA National Animal Poison Control Center. Of 105 ingestions, 10 were considered cases of acyclovir toxicosis. The most common signs seen were vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and lethargy. Ingested dosages ranged from 40 to 2195 mg/kg bw. Polyuria and polydipsia were reported in I dog. In 6/10 cases, signs developed within 3 h of ingestion. Treatment included standard decontamination procedures, (ie induction of emesis, administration of activated charcoal), diuresis, and supportive care.
阿昔洛韦是一种抗病毒药物，通过抑制病毒逆转录酶来终止病毒DNA合成。阿昔洛韦在治疗上用于治疗单纯疱疹、巨细胞病毒、EB病毒和水痘带状疱疹病毒。尽管阿昔洛韦被认为毒性较低，但它已因肾组织中晶体的积累而导致梗阻性肾病。对向美国防止虐待动物协会国家动物中毒控制中心报告的犬阿昔洛韦中毒情况进行了一项回顾性研究（1995年1月至2000年3月）。在105次摄入中，有10例被认为是阿昔洛韦中毒病例。最常见的症状是呕吐、腹泻、厌食和嗜睡。摄入剂量范围为40至2195毫克/千克体重。1只犬出现多尿和多饮。在10例中的6例中，症状在摄入后3小时内出现。治疗包括标准的去污程序（即催吐、给予活性炭）、利尿和支持性护理。
