McFarlane J, Soeken K, Wiist W
Texas Women's University, College of Nursing, Houston 77030, USA.
Public Health Nurs. 2000 Nov-Dec;17(6):443-51. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1446.2000.00443.x.
Prevention of abuse to women is a national priority; however, research has focused on identification of abuse rather than evaluating interventions. To evaluate the differential effectiveness of three levels of intervention, Brief, Counseling, and Outreach, a longitudinal study with repeated evaluation interviews at 2-, 6-, 12-, and 18-months postdelivery was completed at two urban public health prenatal clinics. The participants were 329 pregnant, physically abused Hispanic women. Both physical abuse and women's use of community resources were measured. Repeated measures ANOVA showed that severity of abuse decreased significantly (p < 0.001) across time for all intervention groups. Violence scores at 2-months postdelivery were significantly lower for the Outreach group (p < 0.05) compared to the Counseling only group, but not significantly lower than the Brief intervention group. At 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-up there were no statistically significant differences among the intervention groups. The use of lay outreach for abused pregnant women merits further research. Abuse screening by itself, however, may be the most effective intervention to prevent abuse to pregnant women.
预防对妇女的虐待是一项国家优先事项；然而，研究一直侧重于识别虐待行为，而非评估干预措施。为了评估三种干预水平（简短干预、咨询和外展服务）的不同效果，在两家城市公共卫生产前诊所开展了一项纵向研究，在分娩后2个月、6个月、12个月和18个月进行重复评估访谈。参与者为329名遭受身体虐待的怀孕西班牙裔妇女。对身体虐待情况和妇女使用社区资源的情况均进行了测量。重复测量方差分析表明，所有干预组的虐待严重程度随时间均显著降低（p < 0.001）。与仅接受咨询组相比，外展服务组在分娩后2个月时的暴力得分显著更低（p < 0.05），但并不显著低于简短干预组。在6个月、12个月和18个月的随访中，各干预组之间无统计学显著差异。为受虐待孕妇提供非专业外展服务值得进一步研究。然而，仅进行虐待筛查可能是预防对孕妇虐待的最有效干预措施。
