Maher J E, Peterson J, Hastings K, Dahlberg L L, Seals B, Shelley G, Kamb M L
Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, USA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000 Nov 1;25(3):276-82. doi: 10.1097/00126334-200011010-00012.
Reports of partner violence against HIV-positive women after they have disclosed their serostatus have led some to reassess partner notification strategies and to speculate that fear of partner violence following partner notification may influence women's HIV testing decisions. We studied whether associations exist between women's declining to have an HIV test and history of partner violence, fear of partner violence, previous experience with partner notification, or beliefs about partner notification.
In this cross-sectional study, we interviewed women seen at Newark and Miami sexually transmitted disease clinics. The women were at least 18 years old, not known to be HIV positive, not tested for HIV in the previous 3 months, and offered HIV testing during the clinic visit. Women who declined testing were compared with women who accepted.
Of 490 participants (89% of eligible women), 16% reported partner violence in the past year, and 28% declined HIV testing. Declining the test was not significantly (p >.05) associated with history or fear of partner violence, previous experience with partner notification, or beliefs about partner notification. When specifically asked, only 2 women responded that their declining the test was related to fear that their partner or partners might harm them if the women tested positive.
Among women seen at these clinics, we did not find evidence that declining the HIV test was strongly influenced by partner violence, previous experience with partner notification, or beliefs about partner notification. However, many women reported partner violence. Therefore, providers should assess the potential for partner violence and be prepared to make appropriate referrals.
有报告称，感染艾滋病毒的女性在披露其血清学状态后遭受伴侣暴力，这促使一些人重新评估伴侣通知策略，并推测伴侣通知后对伴侣暴力的恐惧可能会影响女性的艾滋病毒检测决定。我们研究了女性拒绝进行艾滋病毒检测与伴侣暴力史、对伴侣暴力的恐惧、之前的伴侣通知经历或对伴侣通知的看法之间是否存在关联。
在这项横断面研究中，我们对在纽瓦克和迈阿密性传播疾病诊所就诊的女性进行了访谈。这些女性年龄至少18岁，此前未知是否感染艾滋病毒，在过去3个月内未进行过艾滋病毒检测，且在诊所就诊期间被提供了艾滋病毒检测。将拒绝检测的女性与接受检测的女性进行比较。
在490名参与者（占符合条件女性的89%）中，16%报告在过去一年中遭受过伴侣暴力，28%拒绝进行艾滋病毒检测。拒绝检测与伴侣暴力史或恐惧、之前的伴侣通知经历或对伴侣通知的看法之间无显著关联（p>.05）。当被特别询问时，只有2名女性回答说她们拒绝检测是因为担心如果检测呈阳性，伴侣可能会伤害她们。
在这些诊所就诊的女性中，我们没有发现证据表明拒绝艾滋病毒检测受到伴侣暴力、之前的伴侣通知经历或对伴侣通知的看法的强烈影响。然而，许多女性报告遭受过伴侣暴力。因此，医疗服务提供者应评估伴侣暴力的可能性，并准备好进行适当的转诊。
