Maurer A M, Stürchler D
Health and Social Security Direction of Bern Canton, Offce of the Canton Physician, Switzerland.
Epidemiol Infect. 2000 Oct;125(2):325-32. doi: 10.1017/s0950268899004495.
An outbreak of gastro-enteritis occurred in La Neuveville, township with 3358 inhabitants. A retrospective cohort study of 1915 participants showed that 1607 (84%) had been ill. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 28 patient faecal samples, Shigella sonnei from 21 patients and small round structured viruses (SRSV) from 6 patients. More than one pathogen was identified in eight persons. The epidemic curve was characteristic of a point-source outbreak. The risk for illness was significantly higher among persons who had drank unboiled drinking water than among those who had not (1290 [80.3%] of 1607 vs. 86 [27.9%] of 308; RR = 2.87; 95% CI 2.40-3.45). Risk increased significantly with the quantity of water consumed (P < 0.00 x 10(-6)). An SRSV isolate from water and one human faeces had an identical DNA sequence. The outbreak was due to a pump failure producing a spill of sewage into the groundwater. We conclude that transmission was waterborne and that measures including early warning, basic hygiene and sanitation improvements controlled this epidemic.
在拥有3358名居民的拉讷沃维尔镇爆发了一起肠胃炎疫情。一项针对1915名参与者的回顾性队列研究表明，其中1607人（84%）患病。从28份患者粪便样本中分离出空肠弯曲菌，从21名患者中分离出宋内志贺菌，从6名患者中分离出小圆结构病毒（SRSV）。8人身上鉴定出不止一种病原体。疫情曲线具有点源爆发的特征。饮用未煮沸饮用水的人患病风险显著高于未饮用者（1607人中的1290人[80.3%] 对比308人中的86人[27.9%]；相对危险度=2.87；95%置信区间2.40 - 3.45）。患病风险随饮水量增加而显著上升（P < 0.00×10⁻⁶）。从水中分离出的一株SRSV与一份人类粪便中的SRSV具有相同的DNA序列。此次疫情是由于水泵故障导致污水泄漏到地下水中。我们得出结论，传播途径为水传播，包括早期预警、改善基本卫生和环境卫生等措施控制了此次疫情。
