Schulingkamp R J, Pagano T C, Hung D, Raffa R B
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2000 Dec;24(8):855-72. doi: 10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00040-3.
Insulin receptors are known to be located on nerve cells in mammalian brain. The binding of insulin to dimerized receptors stimulates specialized transporter proteins that mediate the facilitated influx of glucose. However, neurons possess other mechanisms by which they obtain glucose, including transporters that are not insulin-dependent. Further, insulin receptors are unevenly distributed throughout the brain (with particularly high density in choroid plexus, olfactory bulb and regions of the striatum and cerebral cortex). Such factors imply that insulin, and insulin receptors, might have functions within the central nervous system in addition to those related to the supply of glucose. Indeed, invertebrate insulin-related peptides are synthesized in brain and serve as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators. The present review summarizes the structure, distribution and function of mammalian brain insulin receptors and the possible implications for central nervous system disorders. It is proposed that this is an under-studied subject of investigation.
已知胰岛素受体位于哺乳动物大脑的神经细胞上。胰岛素与二聚化受体的结合会刺激特殊的转运蛋白，这些转运蛋白介导葡萄糖的易化内流。然而，神经元还有其他获取葡萄糖的机制，包括非胰岛素依赖性的转运蛋白。此外，胰岛素受体在整个大脑中分布不均（在脉络丛、嗅球以及纹状体和大脑皮层区域密度特别高）。这些因素表明，胰岛素和胰岛素受体除了与葡萄糖供应相关的功能外，可能在中枢神经系统中还具有其他功能。事实上，无脊椎动物胰岛素相关肽在大脑中合成，并作为神经递质或神经调节剂发挥作用。本综述总结了哺乳动物大脑胰岛素受体的结构、分布和功能，以及对中枢神经系统疾病的可能影响。有人提出这是一个研究不足的调查课题。
