Grey S, Mathews A
Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, London, U.K.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 2000 Nov;53(4):1143-62. doi: 10.1080/713755937.
In four experiments we investigated whether interpretative biases found in anxious patients and high-trait anxious individuals can be induced by training in unselected volunteers. Repeated exposure to emotionally valenced (threatening) meanings of homographs during training was followed by relatively faster resolution of word fragments and faster lexical decisions for targets that matched the trained valence. Similar effects were found whether participants generated the meanings themselves, or verified a particular meaning of the homograph. Finally, comparison with a baseline condition confirmed that systematic exposure to threatening--but not non-threatening--resolutions of ambiguous words led to generally faster access times for congruent meanings, thus resembling the interpretative bias seen in anxiety states.
在四项实验中，我们研究了在未经过挑选的志愿者中进行训练是否能够诱发焦虑症患者和高特质焦虑个体中所发现的解释性偏差。在训练过程中，反复接触同形异义词的情感效价（威胁性）含义后，对于与训练效价相匹配的目标，单词片段的解析相对更快，词汇判断也更快。无论参与者是自己生成含义，还是验证同形异义词的特定含义，都发现了类似的效果。最后，与基线条件进行比较证实，系统性地接触模棱两可单词的威胁性（而非非威胁性）解析会导致一致含义的总体获取时间普遍更快，从而类似于在焦虑状态中所见的解释性偏差。
