Sobolev I
Chemical & Polymer Technology, Inc., 5 Rita Way, Orinda, CA 94563, USA.
Photochem Photobiol. 2000 Dec;72(6):753-65. doi: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)072<0753:eocoot>2.0.co;2.
Solar irradiance measurements from Ushuaia (Argentina) and Palmer and McMurdo Stations in Antarctica covering four seasons from mid-1993 through early 1997 have been analyzed and their variations compared with column ozone changes. UV irradiances were weighted for biological effectiveness using a published biological weighting function for dose-dependent inhibition of photosynthesis by phytoplankton from the Weddell Sea. All calculations involved integrated daily UV doses and visible exposures (weighted UV and unweighted visible irradiances, respectively). The results show that daily biologically effective total UV doses underwent large short-term variations at all three sites, with day-to-day increases up to 236% at Ushuaia, 285% at Palmer and 99% at McMurdo. Parallel changes in visible exposure indicated that the total UV changes were preponderantly due to variations in cloudiness. On a 12-month basis, daily biologically effective UV doses correlated strongly with visible exposures (R > or = 0.99). Anticorrelations of total UV with ozone, on the other hand, were poor (R > -0.11). The largest daily biologically effective UV doses, and their day-to-day increases, occurred as part of the normal variability related to cloud cover and were seldom associated with significant ozone depletion. UV dose/visible exposure ratios tended to reflect ozone depletion events somewhat more consistently than UV doses alone. With the Weddell Sea phytoplankton weighting function used in this study, antarctic ozone hole events were seldom readily discernible in the biologically effective UV record. The results suggest that, where the UV sensitivity of organisms was similar to that of the Weddell Sea phytoplankton, seasonal ozone depletion had no appreciable effect on annual primary productivity during the 1993-1997 period. Additional data on the geographical and seasonal variation of biological weighting functions are desirable for more comprehensive assessments of ozone depletion effects at high southern latitudes.
对1993年年中至1997年初来自阿根廷乌斯怀亚以及南极洲帕尔默站和麦克默多站的四个季节的太阳辐照度测量数据进行了分析，并将其变化与柱状臭氧变化进行了比较。利用已发表的生物加权函数，对紫外线辐照度进行生物有效性加权，该函数用于描述威德尔海浮游植物对光合作用剂量依赖性抑制。所有计算都涉及每日紫外线剂量积分和可见光照射量（分别为加权紫外线和未加权可见光辐照度）。结果表明，在所有三个站点，每日生物有效总紫外线剂量都经历了较大的短期变化，乌斯怀亚的日增幅高达236%，帕尔默站为285%，麦克默多站为99%。可见光照射量的平行变化表明，总紫外线变化主要是由于云量变化。在12个月的时间里，每日生物有效紫外线剂量与可见光照射量密切相关（R≥0.99）。另一方面，总紫外线与臭氧的反相关性较差（R＞-0.11）。最大的每日生物有效紫外线剂量及其日增幅是与云量相关的正常变化的一部分，很少与显著的臭氧消耗有关。紫外线剂量/可见光照射量比值比单独的紫外线剂量更能一致地反映臭氧消耗事件。使用本研究中威德尔海浮游植物加权函数时，在生物有效紫外线记录中很少能轻易辨别出南极臭氧空洞事件。结果表明，在生物体对紫外线的敏感性与威德尔海浮游植物相似的情况下，1993 - 1997年期间季节性臭氧消耗对年初级生产力没有明显影响。需要更多关于生物加权函数地理和季节变化的数据，以便更全面地评估高南纬地区臭氧消耗的影响。
