Ouellet L J, Thorpe L E, Huo D, Bailey S L, Jimenez A D, Johnson W A, Rahimian A, Monterroso E
School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000 Dec 15;25(5):443-50. doi: 10.1097/00042560-200012150-00010.
To assess HIV prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors among IDUs in Chicago.
Seven hundred ninety-four street-recruited IDUs ranging in age from 18 to 50 years, who were not in drug treatment at study enrollment, were interviewed and tested for HIV at baseline and at two follow-ups scheduled 6 and 12 months after baseline. Questionnaires assessed respondents' demographic characteristics, medical and drug treatment histories, drug use, and sexual practices.
HIV seroprevalence at baseline was 18%. Logistic regression identified the following determinants of prevalent HIV infection: Puerto Rican ethnicity, homosexual or bisexual self-identification, injecting for 4 or more years, and having smoked crack cocaine in the past 6 months. Follow-up data were collected from 584 (73.6%) participants. Mean duration of follow-up was 16.5 months, indicating that most subjects had follow-up intervals longer than the scheduled 6 and 12 months. Seven HIV seroconversions were observed in 632 person years of risk, yielding an incidence rate of 1.1 per 100 person years of risk. Injection for 3 or less years was positively associated with HIV seroconversion.
The findings provide evidence of a decline in HIV incidence among IDUs, though newer injectors remain at elevated risk for infection.
评估芝加哥注射吸毒者中的艾滋病毒流行率、发病率及相关危险因素。
对794名年龄在18至50岁之间、在研究入组时未接受药物治疗的街头招募的注射吸毒者进行访谈，并在基线时以及基线后6个月和12个月安排的两次随访时进行艾滋病毒检测。问卷评估了受访者的人口统计学特征、医疗和药物治疗史、吸毒情况及性行为。
基线时艾滋病毒血清阳性率为18%。逻辑回归确定了以下艾滋病毒感染流行的决定因素：波多黎各裔、自我认定为同性恋或双性恋、注射吸毒4年或更长时间，以及在过去6个月内吸食过快克可卡因。从584名（73.6%）参与者处收集了随访数据。平均随访时间为16.5个月，这表明大多数受试者的随访间隔长于预定的6个月和12个月。在632人年的风险期内观察到7例艾滋病毒血清转化，发病率为每100人年风险期1.1例。注射吸毒3年或更短时间与艾滋病毒血清转化呈正相关。
研究结果提供了注射吸毒者中艾滋病毒发病率下降的证据，不过新的注射吸毒者感染风险仍然较高。
