Mutzbauer T S, Mueller P H, Sigg O, Tetzlaff K, Neubauer B
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Federal Armed Forces Medical Center, 89070 Ulm, Germany.
Mil Med. 2000 Nov;165(11):849-51.
A simple method of emergency underwater application of a nasal decongestant in divers to prevent diving-related accidents or even fatalities attributable to sequelae of middle-ear and sinus barotrauma of ascent was evaluated. Eleven military divers had to inject 1 mL of 0.02% methylene blue into a central venous catheter after having inserted the tip between their upper lip and the mask at 1 m depth in a pool. After injection, the head had to be reclined. Blue liquid flowing from a diver's nostril and a "bitter" taste sensation reported immediately after surfacing indicated successful application. All divers were observed to have had blue liquid flowing from the nostril of application, and one diver could not describe the taste. This method of underwater application of nasal decongestants may be useful for emergency prevention in divers, especially during covert operations. Underwater availability of the system in a special kit carried by divers would be required.
评估了一种在潜水员中紧急水下应用鼻减充血剂的简单方法，以预防与潜水相关的事故，甚至是因中耳和鼻窦上升气压伤后遗症导致的死亡。11名军事潜水员在泳池1米深处将中央静脉导管尖端插入上唇和面罩之间后，必须向导管内注入1毫升0.02%的亚甲蓝。注射后，头部必须后仰。浮出水面后立即有蓝色液体从潜水员鼻孔流出以及报告有“苦味”表明应用成功。观察到所有潜水员应用侧鼻孔均有蓝色液体流出，一名潜水员无法描述味道。这种鼻减充血剂水下应用方法可能对潜水员的紧急预防有用，尤其是在秘密行动期间。需要潜水员携带的特殊工具包中的该系统具备水下可用性。
