One-stage versus two-stage spinal fusion in neuromuscular scolioses.

The principles of the operative treatment of neuromuscular scolioses differ from those of idiopathic scolioses. Depending upon the deformity in the frontal and sagittal plane, the amount of pelvic obliquity and especially the etiology of the curve, consideration of a posterior, an anterior or a combined anterior-posterior procedure is necessary. Statistics demonstrate a higher preoperative angle and a higher rate of complications combined with worse corrections in comparison with idiopathic scolioses. The existing deterioration of vital capacity in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, as in patients with spinal muscle atrophy, makes an anterior approach impossible. The correction of a severe pelvic obliquity combined with a rigid lumbar or thoracolumbar scoliosis requires a combined approach in most patients suffering from myelomeningcele (MMC) and cerebral palsy. In neurofibromatosis Recklinghausen associated with an angulated kyphotic curve the anterior approach is mandatory to avoid further deterioration. Multisegmental primary-stable anterior or posterior instrumentations allow postoperative care without external support.