不可培养的肠胃炎病毒——人杯状病毒的诊断
Diagnosis of noncultivatable gastroenteritis viruses, the human caliciviruses.
作者信息
Atmar R L, Estes M K
机构信息
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
出版信息
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001 Jan;14(1):15-37. doi: 10.1128/CMR.14.1.15-37.2001.
Gastroenteritis is one of the most common illnesses of humans, and many different viruses have been causally associated with this disease. Of those enteric viruses that have been established as etiologic agents of gastroenteritis, only the human caliciviruses cannot be cultivated in vitro. The cloning of Norwalk virus and subsequently of other human caliciviruses has led to the development of several new diagnostic assays. Antigen detection enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) using polyclonal hyperimmune animal sera and antibody detection EIAs using recombinant virus-like particles have supplanted the use of human-derived reagents, but the use of these assays has been restricted to research laboratories. Reverse transcription-PCR assays for the detection of human caliciviruses are more widely available, and these assays have been used to identify virus in clinical specimens as well as in food, water, and other environmental samples. The application of these newer assays has significantly increased the recognition of the importance of human caliciviruses as causes of sporadic and outbreak-associated gastroenteritis.
肠胃炎是人类最常见的疾病之一，许多不同的病毒都与这种疾病有因果关系。在那些已被确认为肠胃炎病原体的肠道病毒中，只有人杯状病毒无法在体外培养。诺如病毒以及随后其他人类杯状病毒的克隆导致了几种新诊断方法的开发。使用多克隆超免疫动物血清的抗原检测酶免疫测定法（EIA）和使用重组病毒样颗粒的抗体检测EIA已取代了人源试剂的使用，但这些检测方法的使用仅限于研究实验室。用于检测人类杯状病毒的逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测方法更广泛可用，这些检测方法已被用于在临床标本以及食品、水和其他环境样本中鉴定病毒。这些更新的检测方法的应用显著提高了人们对人杯状病毒作为散发性和暴发相关肠胃炎病因重要性的认识。
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