Davidson Irit, Stamelou Efthymia, Giantsis Ioannis A, Papageorgiou Konstantinos V, Petridou Evanthia, Kritas Spyridon K
Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Pathogens. 2022 Mar 29;11(4):413. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11040413.
Caliciviruses are single stranded RNA viruses, non-enveloped structurally, that are implicated in the non-bacterial gastroenteritis in various mammal species. Particularly in swine, viral gastroenteritis represents a major problem worldwide, responsible for significant economic losses for the pig industry. Among the wide range of viruses that are the proven or suspected etiological agents of gastroenteritis, the pathogenicity of the members of Caliciviridae family is among the less well understood. In this context, the present review presents and discusses the current knowledge of two genera belonging to this family, namely the and the , in relation to swine. Aspects such as pathogenicity, clinical evidence, symptoms, epidemiology and worldwide prevalence, genomic diversity, identification tools as well as interchanging hosts are not only reviewed but also critically evaluated. Generally, although often asymptomatic in pigs, the prevalence of those microbes in pig farms exhibits a worldwide substantial increasing trend. It should be mentioned, however, that the factors influencing the symptomatology of these viruses are still far from well established. Interestingly, both these viruses are also characterized by high genetic diversity. These high levels of molecular diversity in Caliciviridae family are more likely a result of recombination rather than evolutionary or selective adaptation via mutational steps. Thus, molecular markers for their detection are mostly based on conserved regions such as the region. Finally, it should be emphasized that and the may also infect other domestic, farm and wild animals, including humans, and therefore their surveillance and clarification role in diseases such as diarrhea is a matter of public health importance as well.
杯状病毒是单链RNA病毒，在结构上无包膜，与多种哺乳动物的非细菌性肠胃炎有关。特别是在猪身上，病毒性肠胃炎是一个全球性的主要问题，给养猪业造成了重大经济损失。在众多已被证实或怀疑为肠胃炎病原体的病毒中，杯状病毒科成员的致病性了解得较少。在此背景下，本综述介绍并讨论了该科两个属，即[此处原文缺失属名]和[此处原文缺失属名]与猪相关的现有知识。不仅对致病性、临床证据、症状、流行病学和全球流行情况、基因组多样性、鉴定工具以及宿主互换等方面进行了综述，还进行了批判性评估。一般来说，尽管这些微生物在猪身上通常无症状，但在养猪场中的流行率在全球呈现出大幅上升趋势。然而，应该提到的是，影响这些病毒症状表现的因素仍远未明确。有趣的是，这两种病毒还具有高度的遗传多样性。杯状病毒科中这些高水平的分子多样性更可能是重组的结果，而不是通过突变步骤进行进化或选择性适应的结果。因此，它们检测的分子标记大多基于保守区域，如[此处原文缺失区域名称]区域。最后，应该强调的是，[此处原文缺失属名]和[此处原文缺失属名]也可能感染其他家养、农场和野生动物，包括人类，因此它们在腹泻等疾病中的监测和澄清作用对公共卫生也具有重要意义。
