Salmon P
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Liverpool L69 3GB, United Kingdom.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2001 Feb;21(1):33-61. doi: 10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00032-x.
Until recently, claims for the psychological benefits of physical exercise have tended to precede supportive evidence. Acutely, emotional effects of exercise remain confusing, both positive and negative effects being reported. Results of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are more consistent in indicating that aerobic exercise training has antidepressant and anxiolytic effects and protects against harmful consequences of stress. Details of each of these effects remain unclear. Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects have been demonstrated most clearly in subclinical disorder, and clinical applications remain to be exploited. Cross-sectional studies link exercise habits to protection from harmful effects of stress on physical and mental health, but causality is not clear. Nevertheless, the pattern of evidence suggests the theory that exercise training recruits a process which confers enduring resilience to stress. This view allows the effects of exercise to be understood in terms of existing psychobiological knowledge, and it can thereby provide the theoretical base that is needed to guide future research in this area. Clinically, exercise training continues to offer clinical psychologists a vehicle for nonspecific therapeutic social and psychological processes. It also offers a specific psychological treatment that may be particularly effective for patients for whom more conventional psychological interventions are less acceptable.
直到最近，关于体育锻炼对心理有益的说法往往先于支持性证据出现。就急性情况而言，运动对情绪的影响仍然令人困惑，既有积极影响也有消极影响的报道。横断面研究和纵向研究的结果在表明有氧运动训练具有抗抑郁和抗焦虑作用以及预防压力的有害后果方面更为一致。这些影响中的每一个细节仍不清楚。抗抑郁和抗焦虑作用在亚临床疾病中表现得最为明显，临床应用仍有待开发。横断面研究将运动习惯与免受压力对身心健康的有害影响联系起来，但因果关系尚不清楚。然而，证据模式表明了这样一种理论，即运动训练引发了一个赋予对压力持久恢复力的过程。这种观点使我们能够根据现有的心理生物学知识来理解运动的影响，从而为指导该领域未来的研究提供所需的理论基础。在临床上，运动训练继续为临床心理学家提供一种用于非特异性治疗性社会和心理过程的手段。它还提供了一种特定的心理治疗方法，对于那些更传统的心理干预不太容易接受的患者可能特别有效。
