Delaney M F, Zisman A, Kettyle W M
Endocrinology-Hypertension Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2000 Dec;29(4):683-705, V. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70159-6.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) are life-threatening acute metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus. Although there are some important differences, the pathophysiology, the presenting clinical challenge, and the treatment of these metabolic derangements are similar. Each of these complications can be seen in type 1 or type 2 diabetes, although DKA is usually seen in patients with type 1 diabetes and HHNS in patients with type 2 disease. The clinical management of these syndromes involves careful evaluation and correction of the metabolic and volume status of the patient, identification and treatment of precipitating and comorbid conditions, a smooth transition to a long-term treatment regimen, and a plan to prevent recurrence.
糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）和高血糖高渗非酮症综合征（HHNS）是糖尿病危及生命的急性代谢并发症。尽管存在一些重要差异，但这些代谢紊乱的病理生理学、临床挑战及治疗方法相似。这两种并发症在1型或2型糖尿病患者中均可见到，不过DKA通常见于1型糖尿病患者，HHNS多见于2型糖尿病患者。这些综合征的临床管理包括仔细评估和纠正患者的代谢及容量状态、识别并治疗诱发因素和合并症、平稳过渡到长期治疗方案以及预防复发的计划。
