Newman M E
Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jan 16;98(2):404-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.98.2.404. Epub 2001 Jan 9.
The structure of scientific collaboration networks is investigated. Two scientists are considered connected if they have authored a paper together and explicit networks of such connections are constructed by using data drawn from a number of databases, including MEDLINE (biomedical research), the Los Alamos e-Print Archive (physics), and NCSTRL (computer science). I show that these collaboration networks form "small worlds," in which randomly chosen pairs of scientists are typically separated by only a short path of intermediate acquaintances. I further give results for mean and distribution of numbers of collaborators of authors, demonstrate the presence of clustering in the networks, and highlight a number of apparent differences in the patterns of collaboration between the fields studied.
对科学合作网络的结构进行了研究。如果两位科学家共同撰写了一篇论文，那么他们就被视为有联系，并且通过使用从多个数据库（包括医学文献数据库MEDLINE（生物医学研究）、洛斯阿拉莫斯电子预印本数据库（物理学）和计算机科学技术报告数据库NCSTRL）提取的数据，构建了这种联系的明确网络。我发现这些合作网络形成了“小世界”，在其中随机选择的科学家对通常仅通过一条由中间熟人构成的短路径就能连接起来。我还给出了作者合作者数量的均值和分布结果，证明了网络中存在聚类现象，并强调了所研究领域之间合作模式的一些明显差异。
