Hawk A B, Carpenter W T, Strauss J S
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1975 Mar;32(3):343-7. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1975.01760210077005.
Systematic psychiatric assessment was undertaken on 131 patients (the American cohort of the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia). Nine areas of outcome functioning were assessed five years later at follow-up evaluation on 63% of these patients. An analysis of 66 clinical and demographic variables established that the patients sucessfully followed-up were representatives of the entire cohort. Diagnostic data from initial evaluations and follow-up outcome assessment were used to examine the relationship between diagnostic criteria and outcome in schizophrenia. Applying the criteria for schizophrenic diagnosis defined by Langfeldt, by Schneider, and Carpenter et al failed to define a poor outcome group. No difference in outcome was found when traditional schizophrenic subtypes were contrasted. Overall outcome in 61 patients with conditions diagnosed as schizophrenic was heterogeneous. However, despite overlap, the mean outcome in the schizophrenic cohort was poorer than in the 19 nonschizophrenic patients.
对131名患者（精神分裂症国际试点研究的美国队列）进行了系统的精神病学评估。五年后，对其中63%的患者进行随访评估，评估了九个方面的功能结局。对66个临床和人口统计学变量的分析表明，成功随访的患者代表了整个队列。来自初始评估和随访结局评估的诊断数据用于检验精神分裂症诊断标准与结局之间的关系。应用朗费尔特、施奈德以及卡彭特等人定义的精神分裂症诊断标准未能界定出预后不良组。对比传统精神分裂症亚型时，未发现结局有差异。61名被诊断为精神分裂症的患者的总体结局是异质性的。然而，尽管存在重叠，但精神分裂症队列的平均结局比19名非精神分裂症患者的结局更差。
