Ishibashi N, Yamazaki S
Nutritional Science Laboratory, Morinaga Milk Industry Co Ltd., Higashihara, Japan.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Feb;73(2 Suppl):465S-470S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/73.2.465s.
Bacterial species that have traditionally been regarded as safe are used in probiotics; the main strains used include lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria that inhabit the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. However, reports of frequent isolation of bacteria used in probiotics from infection sources in recent years have raised much debate over the safety of probiotics. This article describes the status quo of isolation of probiotic bacteria from infections and reviews each of the factors that have to be addressed in assessing the safety of probiotics, namely pathogenicity, infectivity, toxicity, and intrinsic properties of the bacteria. Monoassociation with Bifidobacterium longum in gnotobiotic mice as a method to assess safety with respect to infection, and translocation and immune responses as a result of the monoassociation are also described.
传统上被认为安全的细菌种类被用于益生菌中；使用的主要菌株包括栖息在人类和动物肠道中的乳酸菌和双歧杆菌。然而，近年来关于从感染源频繁分离出用于益生菌的细菌的报道引发了对益生菌安全性的诸多争论。本文描述了从感染中分离益生菌的现状，并回顾了评估益生菌安全性时必须考虑的各个因素，即细菌的致病性、传染性、毒性和内在特性。还描述了在无菌小鼠中与长双歧杆菌单联作为评估感染安全性的方法，以及单联导致的易位和免疫反应。
