Krebs-Smith S M
Risk Factor Monitoring and Methods Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7344, USA.
J Nutr. 2001 Feb;131(2S-1):527S-535S. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.2.527S.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which form the basis of federal nutrition policy, have changed in subtle, but important ways with regard to sugars since they were first introduced in 1980; one might say they have become "sweeter" over time. Nonetheless, they have continued to maintain that there is a concern with overconsumption of sugars in the diets of Americans. Although the Dietary Guidelines themselves have never quantified how much constitutes overconsumption vs. moderation, the Food Guide Pyramid provides some guidance on that subject. The Pyramid's recommendations for added sugars, which vary by total energy level, are posed as a benchmark for gauging the appropriateness of the population's intakes. Data from the Food Supply series and from the Continuing Surveys of Food Intakes by Individuals are used to assess recent intakes. The population is consuming added sugars at levels far in excess of recommendations; this is generally true for all population subgroups examined, but especially for adolescents. Soft drinks are the major source of added sugars in the diet. Suggestions are given to facilitate correction of these dietary imbalances.
作为联邦营养政策基础的《美国膳食指南》自1980年首次发布以来,在糖的相关方面发生了细微但重要的变化;可以说随着时间推移,它们变得“更关注糖”了。尽管如此,它们仍坚持认为美国人饮食中糖的过量摄入令人担忧。虽然《膳食指南》本身从未量化过量摄入与适度摄入的界限,但食物指南金字塔在这一问题上提供了一些指导。金字塔针对添加糖的建议因总能量水平而异,被视为衡量人群摄入量是否合适的基准。食品供应系列数据和个人食物摄入量持续调查数据用于评估近期摄入量。人群摄入添加糖的水平远远超过建议值;在所调查的所有人群亚组中通常都是如此,尤其是青少年。软饮料是饮食中添加糖的主要来源。文中给出了一些建议以促进纠正这些饮食不均衡的情况。